第一类：复杂修饰成分
句子本不难，但是修饰成分多且长。1、从句;2、介词短语修饰;3、分词修饰;4、不定式修饰。经常是在同一个句子里既有从句又有介词短语，且都不止一个。
例：The methods that a community devises to perpetuate itself come into being to preserve aspects of the cultural legacy that that community perceives as essential.
翻译：一个社会设计出来保存自己的方法得以形成来保持那个社会认为最重要的一些方面。读法：初级：读出主谓宾来。分析：主语：The methods; 谓语：com into being;不定式to引导表示目的状语。高级：直接读，见后。考查能力：考查考生的大脑容量。
第二类：大段的插入与或同位语，打断读者的思路，割裂前后之间的语义，造成理解的困难。我们称之为打岔。
例：Moreover， I can feel strong emotions in response to objects of art that are interpretations，rather than representations， of reality.
读法：初级：跳过插入语; 高级：直接读;查查能力：大脑容量+抗干扰能力
第三类：倒装：由于应该放在句首的成分太长，因此倒装到句末。也是一种人为现象。例：That sex ratio will be favored which maximizes the number of descendants an individual will have and hence the number of gene copies transmitted.
读法：需要经过训练后才能按正常语序读。
正常语序：
That sex ratio which maximizes the number of descendants that an individual will have and hence the sex ratio which maximize the number of gene copies transmitted will be favered。
高级读法：直接读，见后：考查能力：大脑的排序能力
第四类：省略：相对以上三种来讲比较简单，在短句中大家一般都可以看出。但是如果在长句中出现，特别是如果与以上三种之一甚至几种同时出现，也会给同学们带来很大的困难。如上例原句中的省略，在第二个the number of 前省略了sex ration which maximizes.
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