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gre阅读练习每日一篇(三十四)

发布时间:2016-03-01  编辑:查字典英语网小编

  掌握了gre阅读里的长难句,到了实战演习的时候了。gre阅读练习每日一篇帮助gre考生循序渐进地进行练习和总结。希望gre考生在进行gre阅读练习时,也按着考试时候的时间规定自己的练习,这样才能有效果。

  Jean Wagners most enduring contribution to the study of Afro-American poetry is his insistence that it be analyzed in a religious, as well as secular, frame of reference. The appropriateness of such an approach may seem self-evident for a tradition commencing with spirituals and owing its early forms, rhythms, vocabulary, and evangelical fervor to Wesleyan hymnals. But before Wagner a secular outlook that analyzed Black poetry solely within the context of political and social protest was dominant in the field.

  It is Wagner who first demonstrated the essential fusion of racial and religious feeling in Afro-American poetry. The two, he argued, form a symbiotic union in which religious feelings are often applied to racial issues and racial problems are often projected onto a metaphysical plane. Wagner found this most eloquently illustrated in the Black spiritual, where the desire for freedom in this world and the hope for salvation in the next are inextricably intertwined.

  17. The primary purpose of the passage is to

   contrast the theories of Jean Wagner with those of other contemporary critics

   document the influence of Jean Wagner on the development of Afro-American poetry

   explain the relevance of Jean Wagners work to the study of Afro-American religion

   indicate the importance of Jean Wagners analysis of Afro-American poetry

   present the contributions of Jean Wagner to the study of Black spirituals

  18. All of the following aspects of Afro-American poetry are referred to in the passage as having been influenced by Wesleyan hymnals EXCEPT:

   subject matter

   word choice

   rhythm

   structure

   tone

  19. It can be inferred from the passage that, before Wagner, most students of Afro-American poetry did which of the following?

   Contributed appreciably to the transfer of political protest from Afro-American poetry to direct political action.

   Ignored at least some of the historical roots of Afro-American poetry.

   Analyzed fully the aspects of social protest to be found in such traditional forms of Afro-American poetry as the Black spiritual.

   Regarded as unimportant the development of fervent emotionalism in a portion of Afro-American poetry.

   Concentrated on the complex relations between the technical elements in Afro-American poetry and its political content.

  Two relatively recent independent developments stand behind the current major research effort on nitrogen fixation, the process by which bacteria symbiotically render leguminous plants independent of nitrogen fertilizer. The one development has been the rapid, sustained increase in the price of nitrogen fertilizer ). The other development has been the rapid growth of knowledge of and technical sophistication in genetic engineering. Fertilizer prices, largely tied to the price of natural gas, huge amounts of which go into the manufacture of fertilizer, will continue to represent an enormous and escalating economic burden on modern agriculture, spurring the search for alternatives to synthetic fertilizers. And genetic engineering is just the sort of fundamental breakthrough that opens up prospects of wholly novel alternatives. One such novel idea is that of inserting into the chromosomes of plants discrete genes that are not a part of the plants natural constitution: specifically, the idea of inserting into nonleguminous plants the genes, if they can be identified and isolated, that fit the leguminous plants to be hosts for nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Hence, the intensified research on legumes.

  Nitrogen fixation is a process in which certain bacteria use atmospheric nitrogen gas, which green plants cannot directly utilize, to produce ammonia, a nitrogen compound plants can use. It is one of natures great ironies that the availability of nitrogen in the soil frequently sets an upper limit on plant growth even though the plants leaves are bathed in a sea of nitrogen gas. The leguminous plantsamong them crop plants such as soybeans, peas, alfalfa, and cloverhave solved the nitrogen supply problem by entering into a symbiotic relationship with the bacterial genus Rhizobium; as a matter of fact , there is a specific strain of Rhizobium for each species of legume. The host plant supplies the bacteria with food and a protected habitat and receives surplus ammonia in exchange. Hence, legumes can thrive in nitrogen-depleted soil.

  Unfortunately, most of the major food cropsincluding maize, wheat, rice, and potatoescannot. On the contrary, many of the high-yielding hybrid varieties of these food crops bred during the Green Revolution of the 1960s were selected specifically to give high yields in response to generous applications of nitrogen fertilizer. This poses an additional, formidable challenge to plant geneticists: they must work on enhancing fixation within the existing symbioses. Unless they succeed, the yield gains of the Green Revolution will be largely lost even if the genes in legumes that equip those plants to enter into a symbiosis with nitrogen fixers are identified and isolated, and even if the transfer of those gene complexes, once they are found, becomes possible. The overall task looks forbidding, but the stakes are too high not to undertake it.

  20. The primary purpose of the passage is to

   expose the fragile nature of the foundations on which the high yields of modern agriculture rest

   argue that genetic engineering promises to lead to even higher yields than are achievable with synthetic fertilizers

   argue that the capacity for nitrogen-fixing symbioses is transferable to nonleguminous plants

   explain the reasons for and the objectives of current research on nitrogen-fixing symbioses

   describe the nature of the genes that regulate the symbiosis between legumes and certain bacteria

  21. According to the passage, there is currently no strain of Rhizobium that can enter into a symbiosis with

   alfalfa

   clover

   maize

   peas

   soybeans

  22. The passage implies that which of the following is true of the bacterial genus Rhizobium?

   Rhizobium bacteria are found primarily in nitrogen-depleted soils.

   Some strains of Rhizobium are not capable of entering into a symbiosis with any plant.

   Newly bred varieties of legumes cannot be hosts to any strain of Rhizobium.

   Rhizobium bacteria cannot survive outside the protected habitat provided by host plants.

   Rhizobium bacteria produce some ammonia for their own purposes.

  23. It can be inferred from the passage that which of the following was the most influential factor in bringing about intensified research on nitrogen fixation?

   The high yields of the Green Revolution

   The persistent upward surge in natural gas prices

   The variety of Rhizobium strains

   The mechanization of modern agriculture

   The environmental ill effects of synthetic fertilizers

  24. Which of the following situations is most closely analogous to the situation described by the author as one of natures great ironies ?

   That of a farmer whose crops have failed because the normal midseason rains did not materialize and no preparations for irrigation had been made

   That of a long-distance runner who loses a marathon race because of a wrong turn that cost him twenty seconds

   That of shipwrecked sailors at sea in a lifeboat, with one flask of drinking water to share among them

   That of a motorist who runs out of gas a mere five miles from the nearest gas station

   That of travelers who want to reach their destination as fast and as cheaply as possible, but find that cost increases as travel speed increases

  25. According to the passage, the ultimate goal of the current research on nitrogen fixation is to develop

   strains of Rhizobium that can enter into symbioses with existing varieties of wheat, rice, and other nonlegumes

   strains of Rhizobium that produce more ammonia for leguminous host plants than do any of the strains presently known

   varieties of wheat, rice, and other nonlegumes that yield as much as do existing varieties, but require less nitrogen

   varieties of wheat, rice, and other nonlegumes that maintain an adequate symbiotic relationship with nitrogen-fixing bacteria and produce high yields

   high-yielding varieties of wheat, rice, and other nonlegumes that are genetically equipped to fix nitrogen from the air without the aid of bacteria

  26. The author regards the research program under discussion as

   original and extensive but ill-defined as to method

   necessary and ambitious but vulnerable to failure

   cogent and worthwhile but severely under-funded

   prohibitively expensive but conceptually elegant

   theoretically fascinating but practically useless

  27. Most nearly parallel, in its fundamental approach, to the research program described in the passage would be a program designed to

   achieve greater frost resistance in frost-tender food plants by means of selective breeding, thereby expanding those plants area of cultivation

   achieve greater yields from food plants by interplanting crop plants that are mutually beneficial

   find inexpensive and abundant natural substances that could, without reducing yields, be substituted for expensive synthetic fertilizers

   change the genetic makeup of food plants that cannot live in water with high salinity, using genes from plants adapted to salt water

   develop, through genetic engineering, a genetic configuration for the major food plants that improves the storage characteristics of the edible portion of the plants

答案:17-27:DABDCEBCDBD

  

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