2013年职称英语考试技巧完形填空题技巧分析

　　一、题型要求

　　本部分为一篇300---450词的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，要求应试者根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。

　　表面上来看，选择填空就是要求考生把每个句子中删掉的词给恢复出来。实际上，它考查应试者能否正确把握文章内容的能力，以及对于一定语境中规范的语言成分的掌握。它不仅测试应试者在句子水平上运用语言的能力，它还测试应试者在语篇水平上综合运用语言的能力。因为，选择填空中的填空是与文章的上下文有紧密联系的，不是孤立的、不相关的。因此，要做好选择填空题，必须首先通读整篇文章，弄清文章的大意和逻辑关系，根据空格所在句子的结构、语法、照应关系、语篇的组织结构等信息，通过逻辑推理和语用推理等手段最后确定答案。

　　完形填空的测试内容

　　完形填空以测试考生在语言的施展层次上综合运用语法、词汇知识进行交际的能力为总目标。在具体的试题设计中，这一总的测试目标通过以下一些具体的测试标的得以实现。

　　一、从空缺涉及的形式看，可以是句子片断、短语或单词

　　句子片断。

　　空缺处是一个句子的片断，可以是一个句子的修饰性成分，如定语、状语等，也可以是句子的主干部分，如复合渭语、谓语动词加宾语、主语加谓语等。如：

　　Hello，Jill.How nice to see you here，said Jack，l here often?Not as much as Ia like.1 0f.ten used to meet my~iends here，but now I live a long way away，Jill explained.In fact，its exactly three years 2 Well，said Jack，tell me what 3 here today，then.Last week my mother had an accident in her car.She 4 when it happened.Suddenly a motorcycle came out 0f another street and she

　　5 stop very quickly，and she 6 another car from behind.She banged her head 0n the car roof.

　　 7 her safety belt on at the time?Jack asked.No，she never wears onedont think8in that car，Jill explained.I hope your mother 9，said Jack.No，thank goodness，but the doctor said she 10 stay in hospital 11 completely better，explained Jill.And s0 you12see her now?Jack wanted to know.Yes，said Jill，every day someone goes to the hospital13.Shes lot better now.I m glad t0 hear that，said Jack.Anyway14coffee.

　　dont know where they are.she said.When i10them，11l phone youOh!here they areLet me11 them back after you~e read them.

　　When I told my friends about it they a11 said，12一13，I said-But next day l told the manager l wanted t0 g0 and he said，I hoped14

　　1.A.Are you comingB.Are you goingC.Do you comeD.1)o you go

　　2.A.since then we movedB.since we moved

　　C.that we moved usD.that we move

　　3.A.youie doingB.you doC.do you doD.takes you

　　4.A.went the Oxford Street alongB.was going Oxford Street ahmg

　　C.was going along Oxtord StreetD.went along the Oxlbrd Street

　　5.A.mustB.had toC.ought toD.had better

　　6.A_was b.eaten withB.was hil withC.was beaten byD.was hit by

　　7.A.Was she havingB.Did she haveC.Has she putD.Was she put on

　　A.1in workingB.D,e been working

　　C.I am workerD.I have been worker

　　2.A.I should see himB.me see himC.that I saw himDme 10 see him

　　3.A.when I should haveB.then I should have

　　C.when I hadD.then I had

　　4.A.how he WOUldbeB.how he should bHe

　　C.what he would be likeD.how he should like me

　　5.A.that you will helpB_that you should help

　　C.you t0 helpDyou helping

　　6.A.if you mayB.if you canCmay youIJcan you

　　7.A.exDlained him I likedB.explained him I，d like

　　C.told him I likedD.told him Id like。

　　8.A.will giveB.is going to giveC.givesD.is givwing

　　9.A_pleaseB.toc.please toDthat she、

　　10.A.am going t0 findB.will findc.findDam finding

　　11.A.to hayeB.haveCt0 getIJget

　　12.A.It looks to be marvellousB.I looks marvellously

　　c.It seems marvellousD.It seems marvellousIy

　　13.A.didnt yet say that yesBhavent said yes yet

　　c.havent yet said that yesD.didnI yet say yes

　　14.A.that youd agreeB.that yOU agreed

　　C.for you to agreeD.you to agree

　　语法功能词。

　　测试标的涉及语法功能词的空缺在PETS试卷中的比例还是比较大的，语法功能词与实义词的不同之处在于这些词是语法信息的载体，即功能词所含的语法方面的信息量特别大，在这个意义上，我们把代词和助动词也归入功能词的范畴。这类空格的选择主要涉及考生的语法知识。如：.

　　Music comes in many forms;most countries have a style 0f their ownlthe tum。l the century when iazzwas born，America had no prominent2of its ownNo one knows exactly when jazz was 3.orbv whom，but it began to be4in the early 1 900s.Jazz is America g contribution 5 music.1n contrast m classical music，which6formal European traditions，jazz is spontaneou。and lree-trom.

　　lt bubbles with energy，一7 the moods，interest，and emotions。f the peopleIn the 1920s jazz一8 like America.and 9 it does today.The10。f this music are as interesting.as the music11-American Ncgroes.or blacks，as they are cailed today，were the jazz12.They were brought t。Southern States 13slayes.They were sold t0 plantation owners and forced to work long14.Whell a Negro died his friends and relatives15a processton to carry he body to the cemetery.In New 0rlcans，a band often accompanide the 16.On me way to the cemetery the band played slow，slemn music suited to the occasion.17 on the way home the mood changed.Spirits 1med.Death had removed one 0f meiT18，but the liring were glad to be alive.The band played19musk，improvisingon both the harmon~and the mlldy of the tunes20at the funeral.This music made everyone want to dance.It was an early f01311 Of jazz.

　　1.A.ByB.AtC.InD.0n

　　2.A.musicB.songC.melodyD.styl。

　　3.A.discoveredB.actedC.inventedD.designed

　　4.A.noticedB.foundC.1istenedD.heard

　　5.A.classicalB.sacredC.popular D.1ight

　　6.A.formsB.followsC.approaehesD.introduces

　　7.A.expressingB.explainingC.exposing D.illustrating

　　8.A.appearedB.feltC.seemedD.sounded

　　9.A.asB.soC.either D.neithef

　　10.A.originsB.originalsC.distoveries D.resources

　　1 1.A.concernedB.itselfC.availableD.oneself

　　12.A.playersB.followersC.fansD.pioneers

　　13.A.forB.asC.withD.})y

　　14.A。monthsB.weeksC.hours D.times

　　15.A.demonstratedB.composedC.hostedD.f10rifled

　　16.A.demonstrationB.processionC.badyD.mareh

　　17.A.EvenB.TherefloreC.Furthermore D.But

　　18.A.humberB.memberC.bodiesD.relations

　　19.A.sadB.solemllC.happyD.funeral

　　20.A.whistledB.sungC.presentedD.showed

　　动词。

　　在各类水平考试的完形填空中，动词不失为一个重要测试指标，动词是实义词中语法信息载量最大的一类。在测试内容上，除了与语法结构相对应的时态、语态、语气和非谓语形式外，还包括完形填空特有的与上下文语义密切相关的动词意义的选择和近义动词的辨别等。如：

　　Last June my brother 1 a car.He had had an old Scooter before，but it2severaIIimes durm the spring.What you want is a$econdhand Mini，I suggested.If you give me me money，he said，3one tomorrow.I cant give you the money.I replied，but what about Aunt Myra.She must have enough.We 4her since Christmas but she always hints that we5go and see her more often.

　　We told our parents where we were going.They weren 1 happy about it and asked us not to go.So6.But 1ater that same day something strange7.A doctor8us that Aunt Myra9into hospital for an operation 10go and see her，said my mother.You two go today，but dont mention themoney.

　　When we11Aunt Myra12Iin not seriously illshe said，but the doctor insists thaI13 t0 driVe my cal.Y叫can have it if you promise14me t0 the seaside now and again.We15.

　　1.A.wanted to buyB.wanted buyingC.1iked t0 buyD.1iked buying

　　2.A.was breaking downB.was breaking up

　　C.had broken downD.had broken up

　　3.A.I getB.I，m gettingC.I am getD.11l get

　　4.A.aye not seeingB.havent seenC.didnt seeD.dont see

　　5.A.shouldB.shallC.wonldD.wiU

　　6.A.that we havenlB.that we didntC.we havenID.we didnt

　　7.A.occurredB.took the placeC.passedD.was there

　　8.A.rang for tellingB.rang to tellC.rung for tellingD.rung t0 teU

　　9.A.had goneB.had beenC.has goneD.has been

　　10.A.We may not allB.We cant allC.All we cantD.A11 we may not

　　11.A.have come thereB.were arrivingC.got thereD.came to there

　　12.A.was seeming quite happilyB.Was seeming quite happy

　　C.seemed quite happilyD.seemed quite happy

　　13.A.I，m getting so oldB.I，m getting too old

　　C.I get so 0ldD.I get too old

　　14.A.takingB.bringingC.to takeD.t0 bring

　　15.A.didnt agreeB.agreedC.didnt agree itD.agreed it

　　其他实义词的语法内容部分。

　　除动词以外的实义词有名词、代词、数词、形容词和副词，这些词的语法内容包括名词的数、格，代词的格、数、指代的一致，各种数的表达，形容词、副词的级和在句子中的位置、词序等。如：

　　The price of hotels in Britain is going up1at any time since the war.There are a humber of rea-sons for this but the2all is the Governmentg economic policy.Manages in factories see3so they are attracted to the idea of owning4businesses.5Britaing weather is often disappointing，the tourist industry is growing.Many people6like to conbine a7holiday with the opportunity of improving their English.It is therefore not surprising that businessmen are buying hotels.The only thing8worries me is the kind of treatment their guests are9to receive since10of them know anything about hotel management.

　　1.A.more fast thanB.more fast thatC.faster thanD.faster that

　　2.A.most important 0fB.more important of

　　C.most important fromD.more important from

　　3.A.to fall their standard 0f livingB.falling their standard 0f living

　　C.their standard of living to faUD.their standard of living falling

　　4.A.his properB.his ownC.their properD.their own

　　5.A.In spite 0fB.AllhoughC.EvenD.However

　　6.A.in the ContinentB.in the overseasC.abroadlJ.iorelgn

　　7.A.fortnightB.fortnightsc.two weeksD.two weeks

　　8.A.thatB.whatC.asD.who

　　9.A.1ikeB.probabkC.probablyD.1ikely

　　10.A.1ittleB.a littleC.fewD.a few

　　固定搭配。

　　空格所缺的词与上下文某一词相关联，形成固定搭配，或属于主语与谓语动词、动词与宾语之间的横向组合关系。如下题中的空格3、5、6、7和8：

　　Many people buy suitcases t0 carry1when they go abroad2and never take the trouble to find out whether they will be3to surviVe the journey.4case you buyand obViOUSIy5you pay for it the better it is likelv to beyou should be careful6 too much into it.A 10t 0f passengers7and then the locks break.Sone people think manufacturers should say how mach8.But he manufacturers say it depends9the quality of the case.A cheap case，10has been badly made，wiⅡ 0bviously not last as long as an expensive one.

　　1.A.his luggagesB.his luggageC.their luggagesD.their luggage

　　2.A.in holidavB.on holidavC.in holidaysD.0n holid.dys

　　3.A.so strongB.enough strongC.strong enoughD.too stmng

　　4.A.HoweverB.WhereverC.WhateverD.Which

　　5.A.the moreB.the mostC.how muchD.how many

　　6.A.for not packingB.so as t0 not pack

　　C.not to packD.in order to not pack

　　7.A.do soB.do SUChC.make thisD.make that

　　8.A.can carry the caseB.the case can carry

　　C.can bear the caseD.the case can bear

　　9.A.forB.withC.inD.on

　　10.A.whatB.whichC.itD.when

　　惯用短语。

　　空档所缺内容是惯用短语或其一部分，要是熟悉这一短语，就能比较容易地找到正确答案，有时也涉及几个惯语之间意义或形式上的比较。如：

　　Dear fellow students：

　　The Student Union is going t01a fund-raising variety show on Friday，12th March，1980.The- 2 of the show is to raise money f10r the3 0f our School Magazine.As we all know，the Magazine will record the important events which4place during the past school year.It is like a mirror，5our joy and SOrrOW 6and disappointments and above all，failures and achievements.As students 0f this C0llege，we7 to 8folk-dances，singing，Kong fu display and a comedy9by the Drama Society.

　　Two well.known singers，A1bert Wong and Judy Kwan，will be our10of honour.At the end of the show.there will be al 1 Draw.Prizes for the12are as attractive as they ale valuable.Tickets are of two kinds，costing$lO and$6 each13.They ale now14at the Student Union office Finally，we hope that the variety show will tum15.Looking16to your support. Chairman of the Student Union Peter Lee

　　1.A.takeB.h01dC.gatherD.Put

　　2.A.reasonB.causeC.excuse D.aim

　　3.A.publicationB.appearanceC.birth D.possibility

　　4.A.tookB.happenedC.came D.Stood

　　5.A.renectingB.shiningC.AbsorbingD.seeing

　　6.A.1essonsB.activitiesC.programmesD.hopes

　　7.A.mustB.shouldC.dare D.ought

　　8.A.containB.includeC.consist D.belong

　　9.A.presentedB.shownC.doneD.played

　　10.A.peopleB.friendsC.hosts D.guests

　　11.A.PictureB.FortuneC.Happy D.Lucky

　　12.A.condidatesB.competitomC.winners D.chosen

　　13.A.oneB.aloneC.respectivelyD.other

　　14.A.on saleB.sellingC.avail of D.to obtain

　　15.A.succeedB.successfulC.out a successD.the suecess

　　16.A.backB.forwardC.onwardD.up

　　同义词。

　　测试标的属于实义词范畴，包括意义相近或用法相近两个方面，要求考生根据上下文的语义及用法搭配关系，通过比较辨异作出区别。这类空格在各类水平考试的完形填空中为数不多，但有一定难度。如下题中的题1、2、3、5、6、7、9和10。

　　When Jim set out to drive t0 his office，it was very foggy.He1in getting his car out ofthe garage， but he couldnt2t0 drive along the road，and decided t03the fog to clear.He expected it to clear in 4 or so.but after5an hour and a half he6 he would never7work that morning.So he8into his garage and telephoned the omce t09tha he was10from coming

　　1.A.achievedB.failedC.succeededD.exceeded

　　2.A.noticeB.watchC.100kD.see

　　3.A.waitB.wait forC.expect D.expect for

　　4.A.half an hourB.half a hourC.a half of hourD.half hour

　　5.A.stayingB.waitingC.expecting D.driving

　　6.A.recognizedB.rememberedC.remindedD.realized

　　7.A.comeB.arriveC.drive D.get to

　　8.A.mde backB.drove backC.operatedD.started

　　9.A.sayB.speakC.talkD.tell

　　10.A.preventedB.preservedC.preventedD.presented

　　形近词。

　　测试的内容是拼写和词形，特别是一些意义也比较接近的词，这类词为数不多，所以，完形填空中这类空格占分比重也较小，常见的这类词有：acceptexcept，adaptadopt，angel一angle，badbedbesidebesides，clashcrashelLiSh，commentcommand，diedue，duskdust.effectaffecteffon，fellowfoIlow，formalformer，glassgrass，ideajdeal，laterlatelatter，majormayor，impressexpress，possibleprinciple，quietquite，risearisarouse，sentcent，SOWsew，stealsteel，throughthou曲一thorough，weatherwhether等。

　　如下题中的题1、4、5、8和10：

　　Having passed what I considered the wont obstacle，our spirits1.We made towards the left of the cliff,where the going was better，though2steeper.Here we found3snow，as most 0f it seemed to have been40ff the mountain.We could not see the mountains in the5because clouds were forming all round us.

　　About l oclock a storm came up suddenly.We6its apporach but we were concentrating on cutting steps，and before we had time7anything，we were8by snow.We could not move up or down andhad t0 wait motionless，getting9.10my hood，my nose and cheeks were frostbitten and I11 ahand out 0fmy glove to warlTl them.

　　1.A.roseB.raisedC.aroseD.aroused

　　2.A.quiteB.fairlyC.ratherD.hardly

　　3.A.fewB.a fewC.1ittleD.a little

　　4.A.brewnB.brownC.blewnD.blown

　　5.A.distanceB.instanceC.instantD.distant

　　6.A.may not have noticedB.had to notice

　　C.must have noticedD.ought to have noticed

　　7.A.t0 makeB.for makingC.to doD.for doing

　　8.A.blinded.B.boundedC.bindedD.bound

　　9.A.More cold and more coldB.colder and colder

　　C.more frozen and more frozenD.frozen and frozen

　　10.A.In spite ofB.Inspire 0fC.In case 0fD.Despite of

　　l I.A.dared not t0 bringB.dared not bring

　　C.dared not to takeD.dared not take

　　上下文语义。

　　空格所缺为实义词，测试重点不是选择项之间词义和词形的比较辨异，也不是它们的语法内容或惯用搭配，而是短文的理解。这类空缺脱离了上下文就无从确定选哪项。只对空格所在句句子的理解是不够的，考生只有在理解上下文的基础上，才能进行答题，这类空格在各类水平考试的完形填空中占相当大的比重。如下例是MET中的完形填空，其中有14题属于上下文语义题：

　　Among the early Greeks，Aristotle was1t0 watch living things and t0 try to classifY them，to attempt to find out2life begins，and to write down his observation.

　　His methodswork with the catfish ale typical3his procedures.He spent hour4hour al the stern of a small boat5the coast of Lesbos t)n the Aegean Sea leaning far out6the clear，shallow water，looking down at a catfish that7its eggs among the reeds.8he watched，he held his boat steadywith a strong pole9it would not float away.Later he made a record oI1 0he halt seen.

　　So dayafter day from the stern 0f his small boat near the shore.Aristotle watched the life 0f the underwater world11itself.Everyone12fish before.and the fishermen knew something about their habits，13this knowledge helped them t0 get a bigger catch.But until then14had watched the ways 0f fish15the single purpose of trying to undemtand them.

　　Aristotle thought that16he observed each living thing carefully enough and recorded what he saw，he would come closer 17 life.He had great patience and extraordinary powers 0f observation，and18 these two essential qualities he had an imagination which19it possible for him t020what he saw.

　　1.A.a manB.a scientistC.firstD.the first

　　2.A.whatB.whichC.howD.that

　　3.A.0fB.forC.inD.from

　　4.A.bvB.t0C.fromD.after

　　5.A.offB.inC.t0D.with

　　6.A.inB.underC.overD.by

　　7.A.1aidB.was lyingC.1iedD.was laying

　　8.A.IfB.ThoughC.AsD.Since

　　9.A.thatB.so thatC.whichD.so as to

　　10.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.when

　　11.A.to revealB.to be revealingC.revealedD.revealing

　　12.A.sawB.have seenC.has seenD.had seen

　　13.A.forB.withC.inD.about

　　14.A.oneB.not oneC.no oneD.man

　　15.A.forB.withC.because ofD.in

　　16.A.whetherB.ifC.whenD.as

　　17.A.to be understoodB.t0 an understanding

　　C.to an understanding ofD.understand

　　18.A.exceptB.except forC.besideD.besides

　　19.A.thoughtB.madeC.consideredD.caused

　　20.A.interpretB.translateC.declareD.pronounce

　　常识推理。

　　在上下文语义题中，还有一类比重不大但对考生的知识面和能力有相当要求的空格，这类试题单凭对上下文的理解还不行，还需结合考生的生活常识进行必要的联想和推理，才能确定答案。如下面短文中的题l、9、10、15和18等：

　　All of us communicate with one another nonverbally，.ds1as with words.We gesture with eyebrows or a hand，meet someone else~eyes and look2.

　　One of the most potent elements 3 body language is eye behavior.Americans are4about how and when they meet one anotherg eyes.In our normal cOnversation，each eye contact5only about a sec。and before one or 6 individuals look away.When two Americans look searchingly7each others eyes，emotions are 8 and the relationship becomes more intimate.9，we carefully avoid this，10in appropriate circumstances.

　　Proper street behavior in the United Statesll a nice balance 0f attention and inattentionYou are12to look at a passerby just enough to show that you are13of his presence.If you look too little，you14 haugh~0r secretive;too much，15 you are inquisitive.Usually what happens is that people eyeeach other16 they are about eight feet apan，.dI17point they cast down their eyes.In parts of the FarEast it is1 8to look at the other person at au during conversation.In England the listener stares at the speaker attentively and blinks hi8 eyes occasionally as a19of interest.That eye-blink says20to Ameficans.who expect the listener t0 nod or to murmur something such asmmhmm.

　　1.A.fluentlyB.fastC.straightD.well

　　2.A.upB.downC.awayD.round

　　3.A.inB.concerningC.aboutD.with

　　4.A.certainB.clearC.anxiousD.careful

　　5.A.extendsB.spendsC.1astsD.remains

　　6.A.eitherB.neitherC.bothD.all

　　7.A.forB.intoC.beyondD.through

　　8.A.relievedB.heightenedC.balancedD.1essened

　　9.A.ThereforeB.HoweverC.NeverthelessD.Moreover

　　10.A.onlyB.althoughC.exceptD.yet

　　11.A.requiresB.requestsC.reflectsD.resemble

　　12.A.foundB.supposedC.reportedD.afraid

　　13.A.sureB.unconsciousC.gladD.aware

　　14.A.becomeB.growC.turnD.appear

　　15.A.orB.andC.butD.if

　　16.A.providedB.afterC.untilD.unless

　　17.A.thatB.someC.whichD.a

　　18.A.politeB.impoliteC.kindD.unkind

　　19.A.sign B.meansC.typeD.sigh

　　20.A.everythingB.somethingC.anythingD.nothing