职称英语词汇备考之单词熟记技巧-查字典英语网
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职称英语词汇备考之单词熟记技巧

发布时间:2016-03-01  编辑:查字典英语网小编

  词汇选择是职称英语中第一个考试项目,它考察应试者在一定语境下对单词或短语的理解。从表面上,这是词汇的考题,实际上这是一种最简单的阅读理解题。这里要给大家澄清一个概念,任何一种语言的语义最小单元是句子,而不是词。但是词汇或短语的理解对于句子的理解起着重要的作用。

  词汇不足的人在英文听、说、读、写各方面的能力都会受到严重限制。一般大多数人认为背单词既吃力,又成效不大。实际上,若能采用适当的方法,不仅可以缩短扩大词汇量所需的时间,并且能提高记忆单词的质量。下面在本课的第一部分向大家推荐六种单词记忆法,仅供参考。

  一、结合记忆法

  将比较生疏,不常用的单词放入一定的语言环境句子中,结合句意来记忆单词。遇到此单词时,若词义忘记,则可通过回忆所在句子的意思来记忆单词。例如:

  slope

  n. ①倾斜;坡度;斜度

  There is always a certain slope in a ships deck. 船的甲板总有几分倾斜。

  ②斜面;斜坡

  We climbed the steep slope of the hill. 我们爬了那座陡峭的斜坡。

  vi. 倾斜。

  The railroad slopes up slightly at this point. 铁路在此处有轻微的倾斜。

  critical

  adj. ①批评的,吹毛求疵的

  I dont like people who are too critical about everything. 我不喜欢对每件事都太吹毛求疵的人。

  ②紧要的,关键的;危急的

  His condition is reported as being very critical. 据报告他的情况非常危急。

  通过此法来掌握词汇,既有助于记住单词本身的拼写、拼读,又可同时熟悉词的词义、词性、用法和搭配,比孤立地背记单词效果要好。

  二、同类记忆法

  将同类词汇收集在一起,同时背记。注意,同类词汇与同义词不同:同义词是指意思相同,而同类词是指基本属性相同、具体意义的层次,级别或范围不同的一类词汇。

  如headmaster和principal是同义词,都表示,中小学校长president和chancellor是同义词,都表示大专院校校长。这两组词是同类词汇,都表示校长,但具体级别不同,所以两组词不是同义词。

  再如bachelor、master,doctor 三个词都表示学位授予的情况,但具体级别不同,所以这三个词也是一组同类词汇。

  这样,将同类词汇放在一起记忆,当遇到其中一个词时,头脑中出现的就是一组词,效率大大提高了。

  三、比较记忆法

  把同义词或形似词放在一起,加以区别。记忆的过程是一组组,一对对单词同时记忆。职称英语中有很大一部分都是对同义词或近义词的考察,需要平时进行记忆和积累。

  例题1:The researchers have just completed a study of driving situations.

  A. started

  B. finished

  C. changed

  D. made

  答案:B

  例题2:Michael is now merely a good friend.

  A. largely

  B. possibly

  C. just

  D. rarely

  答案:C

  Merely/ only/ just

  四、构词法记忆法

  通过掌握构词法来记忆单词。英语主要有三种构词法:

  1)转化,即由一个词类转化为另一个词类。例如:

  picture 画-picture 描绘

  water 水-water 浇水

  例题1: He has trouble understanding that other people judge him by his social skills and conduct.

  A. behavior

  B. style

  C. mode

  D. attitude

  答案:A

  解释:

  Conduct 引导,管理,为人,传导

  Conduct 操守,行为

  Conductor 列车员,售票员,指挥者,导体等

  Semi-conductor 半导体

  例题2:The ice is not thick enough to bear the weight of a tank.

  A. suffer

  B. accept

  C. receive

  D. endure

  答案:D

  解释:

  bear 熊

  bear 负担, 忍受, 带给, 具有, 挤

  2)派生,即通过加前缀或后缀构成另一个词,例如:

  happy unhappy happiness

  例题1: The workers in that factory manufacture furniture.

  A. promote

  B. paint

  C. polish

  D. produce

  答案:D

  例题2: Even in a highly modernized country, manual work is a still needed.

  A. mental

  B. physical

  C. natural

  D. hard

  答案:B

  man-, manu- =hand

  manage, manual, manuscript, manufacture, manumit

  例题3:About one million Americans are diagnosed,annually with skin cancer.

  A. every year

  B. severely

  C. actively

  D. every month

  答案:A

  Ann= year

  Anniversaire

  Anniversary, annals, annuity

  3)合成,即由两个或更多的词合成一个词。例如:

  wood cut woodcut

  pea nuts peanut

  例题1: In the latter case the outcome can be serious indeed.

  A. judgement

  B. result

  C. decision

  D. event

  答案:B

  五、根义记忆法

  利用根义代替记忆多义,可以解决没有生词却老读不懂的问题。

  比如要问immediate是否已记住,回答当然是肯定的。那么就请看下面三个没有生词的片段:

  a) The woman walks immediately behind the car.

  b) She is my immediate neighbor.

  c) the immediate cause

  若没有读懂,那么就请看immediate根义

  中间没有间隔

  1)立刻;

  2)紧挨,通接,紧跟,

  3)直接

  例题1:He will leave immediately.

  A. far away

  B. right away

  C. right here

  D. soon

  答案:B

  例题2:Can you follow the plot?

  A. change

  B. investigate

  C. understand

  D. write

  答案:C

  请看下面几句中的follow 分别都是什么意思?

  She went into the building, followed by a group of students.

  The teacher says that everybody should follow the rule here.

  Im sorry, but I cant follow you.

  六、几组对容易混淆词进行特别记忆

  有些字可当形容词又可当副词,例如: early; past; half; long; straight; fast; hard; quick; deep; slow; pretty; awful; wrong; right; high; late; hourly; early; weekly; etc.

  We had an early breakfast.

  We went by a fast train.

  We had breakfast early.

  Dont speak so fast.

  有些形容词变为副词, 可在字尾加ly, 也可以不加, 不过在字义上不同。

  easy 安适地 easily 容易地:

  Stand easy!

  Hes not easily satisfied.

  clear

  The bullet went clear through the door.

  The thieves got clearly away.

  high 高 highly 非常

  The birds are flying high.

  He was highly praised for his work.

  Slow 和 slowly当副词时同义, 但 slow比 slowly语气强.

  I told the driver to go slow.

  Drive slowly round these bends in the road.

  hard 辛苦地 hardly 几乎不

  He works hard.

  He hardly does anything nowadays.

  just 刚才;仅 justly 公正地

  Ive just seen him.

  He was justly punished.

  late 迟 lately 最近地

  He went to bed late.

  I havent seen Mr. Green lately.

  Pretty 十分,颇 prettily 漂亮地

  The situation seems pretty hopeless.

  She was prettily dressed.转

  

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