Throughout the United States, and especially in big cities and rural areas, tens of thousands of people with hearts that should be good __________ to keep them alive die each year for lack of adequate first aid. In New York City, for example, a new study has shown that only one person in 100 outside of hospitals _____ _____after the heart suddenly stops pumping . In contrast, in Seattle, the survival _____ _____ after such heart attacks is one in five.
The difference can be traced _____ _____the effectiveness of the chain of survival, Dr. Joseph P. Ornato said. Each link in the __________ must be strong enough for many lives to be __________.
The chain begins with an immediate telephone__________ for emergency help and the start within four minutes of the process needed for restarting the _____ _____working, by a family member or bystander . It continues with the prompt arrival-within eight __________ ten minutes of a rescuer equipped with a special instrument that can shock the heart back to a normal rhythm. And it ends with the administration of advanced emergency care by nurses to maintain the hearts ability to survive until the doctors at the hospitals can take __________. When one or more links in this chain fail or function too slowly, the __________ of a victim surviving heart attack falls rapidly. Because of widespread weaknesses in the chain of __________, experts in emergency heart care estimate that 20,000 to 80,000 people __________ needlessly of heart attack each year, a number comparable to the 55,000 killed annually in automobile __________.
One expert says, Sending an emergency vehicle to a heart attack victim __________ the special equipment is like having policemen with guns but no bullets. They may put on a good show, but they lack the weapon needed to get the job done.
1 A enough B much C many D too
2 A dies B survives C stops D wakes
3 A speed B thing C rate D people
4 A on B at C from D to
5 A list B process C chain D step
6 A accepted B taken C born D saved
7 A call B number C line D worker
8 A person B heart C brain D body
9 A to B by C and D toward
10 A out B about C on D over
11 A cause B start C chance D event
12 A death B luck C help D survival
13 A die B live C survive D come
14 A production B accidents C incidents D troubles
15 A by B at C with D without
【参考答案】
1. A 2. B 3. C 4. D 5. C
6. D 7. A 8. B 9. A 10. D
11. C 12. D 13. A 14. B 15. D