全国职称英语考试综合类C级课堂笔记阅读判断第6讲

　　1. 重点推荐文章：Is it a man, is it a bear or is it bigfoot? Own your childrens education, TV game shows, smoking, American sports

　　2. 非重点文章： Plants and mankind, brands, why is native language learnt so well, easy learning, the first settlement if north America, the workers role in management

　　例题解析

　　阅读判断(每题1分，共七分)

　　阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了七个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑;如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑。

　　Smoking

　　Since 1939, numerous studies have been conducted to determine whether smoking is a health hazard. The trend of the evidence has been consistent and indicates that there is a serious health risk. Research teams have conducted studies that show beyond all reasonable doubt that tobacco smoking is associated with a shortened life expectancy.

　　Cigarette smoking is believed by most research workers in this field to be an important factor in the development of cancer of the lungs and cancer of the throat and is believed to be related to cancer of some other organs of the body. Male cigarette smokers have a higher death rate from heart disease than non-smoking males. Female smokers are thought to be less affected because they do not breathe in the smoke so deeply.

　　Apart from statistics, it might be helpful to look at what tobacco does to the human body. Smoke is a mixture of gases, vaporized chemicals, minute particles of ash and other solids. There is also nicotine, which is powerful poison, and black tar. As smoke is breathed in, all those components from deposits on the membranes of the lungs. One point of concentration is where the air tube and bronchus divides. Most lung cancer begins at this point.

　　Filters and low tar tobacco are claimed to make smoking to some extent safer, but they can only slightly reduce, not eliminate the hazards.

　　1. It is easy to determine whether smoking is hazardous.

　　A. Right B.Wrong C. Not mentioned

　　2. Smoking reduces ones life expectancy.

　　A. Right B.Wrong C. Not mentioned

　　3. Smoking may induce lung cancer.

　　A. Right B.Wrong C. Not mentioned

　　4. There is evidence that smoking is responsible for breast cancer.

　　A. Right B.Wrong C. Not mentioned

　　5. Male smokers have a lower death rate from heart disease than female smokers

　　A. Right B.Wrong C. Not mentioned

　　6. Nicotine is poisonous.

　　A. Right B.Wrong C. Not mentioned

　　7. Filters and low tar tobacco make smoking safer.

　　A. Right B.Wrong C. Not mentioned

　　答案与解析：

　　1.借助文章标题Smoking，解读文章中心Smoking和文章可能的结构安排。

　　Since 1939, numerous studies have been conducted to determine whether smoking is a health hazard. The trend of the evidence has been consistent and indicates that there is a serious health risk. Research teams have conducted studies that show beyond all reasonable doubt that tobacco smoking is associated with a shortened life expectancy.

　　Cigarette smoking is believed by most research workers in this field to be an important factor in the development of cancer of the lungs and cancer of the throat and is believed to be related to cancer of some other organs of the body. Male cigarette smokers have a higher death rate from heart disease than non-smoking males. Female smokers are thought to be less affected because they do not breathe in the smoke so deeply.

　　Apart from statistics, it might be helpful to look at what tobacco does to the human body. Smoke is a mixture of gases, vaporized chemicals, minute particles of ash and other solids. There is also nicotine, which is powerful poison, and black tar. As smoke is breathed in, all those components from deposits on the membranes of the lungs. One point of concentration is where the air tube and bronchus divides. Most lung cancer begins at this point.

　　Filters and low tar tobacco are claimed to make smoking to some extent safer, but they can only slightly reduce, not eliminate the hazards.

　　文章结构安排：进行了大量的研究以确认是否吸烟会造成健康危害 很多研究者认为吸烟在。。中有很大的影响---统计数据有助于了解吸烟对身体的(危害?)--过滤嘴和低焦油香烟不会消除危害。(文章中心)

　　2.直接看问题解答问题。

　　1. It is easy to determine whether smoking is hazardous.

　　A. Right B.Wrong C. Not mentioned

　　B.分析：问题句是细节体，因此答案相关句往往是一个或几个相邻的句子。利用题干中包含了两层含义：easy 和 determine whether smoking is hazardous。题干中的黑体词(determine 和 hazardous)作为答案线索词，这样直接在文章中找到包含答案相关词的句子:

　　Since 1939, numerous studies have been conducted to determine whether smoking is a health hazard/danger. (直接包含题干中的核心词)The trend of the evidence has been consistent and indicates that there is a serious health risk.

　　该题提示：有些问题可能在考察考生的推断/或总结概括能力。

　　补充：

　　Numerous: adj.众多的, 许多的, 无数的

　　Synonyms: abundant, considerable, many, various

　　Conduct: n.行为;举止;举动;vt. 处理; 经营;引导;导电;导热

　　e.g. His conduct disagrees with his words.他言行不一。

　　e.g. My aunt conducts her business very successfully.我的婶婶把企业经营得很成功。

　　e.g. Metal conducts electricity. 金属导电。

　　2. Smoking reduces ones life expectancy.

　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

　　分析：利用该句句意判断该句说法正确而且与文章中心一致，这样答案可能是正确或没提到。题干中涉及到一层信息：reduces ones life expectancy。利用题干中的黑体词作为答案线索词，这样直接在文章中找到包含答案相关词的句子，确认答案。该题考察特殊结构--短语beyond all reasonable doubt的含义(绝对不容怀疑)。

　　The trend of the evidence has been consistent and indicates that there is a serious health risk. Research teams have conducted studies that show beyond all reasonable doubt that tobacco smoking is associated with a shortened life expectancy.

　　补充：

　　Doubt: n.怀疑;疑虑;未确定

　　e.g. There is no doubt that he is guilty. 毫无疑问，他是有罪的。

　　without doubt 必定;无疑

　　比较：I can agree with you more.

　　You cant be too careful in driving.

　　The importance cant be overestimated.

　　Consistent adj.(常与with连用)与一致的

　　e.g. This statement is not consistent with what you said at yesterdays meeting.这个说法与你昨天会上的发言不相符。

　　Be associated with: v. 由...联想到..., 把...联系起来

　　e.g. We associate China with the Greet Wall.我们想起中国, 就联想到长城。

　　Grammar: that

　　e.g. He said that he would come. 他说他要来。

　　e.g. Did you see the letter that I sent him? (定语从句)你看到我寄给他的信了吗?

　　Comp: Its Jeans that makes the decisions here. (强调句)这里作决定的是琼斯。

　　3. Smoking may induce/cause lung cancer.

　　A. Right B.Wrong C. Not mentioned

　　分析：利用该句句意判断该句说法正确，这样答案可能是正确或没提到。题干中包含一层信息：may induce/cause lung cancer。利用题干中的黑体词作为答案线索词，这样直接在文章中找到包含答案相关词的句子，确认答案。

　　Cigarette smoking is believed by most research workers in this field to be an important factor in the development of cancer of the lungs and cancer of the throat and is believed to be related to cancer of some other organs of the body.

　　补充：

　　Relate vt.vi. 讲;叙述; (常与to连用)把联系起来, 有关，有关系

　　Be related to: 与。。有关

　　e.g. I related my adventure to my family. 我向家人讲述了我的奇遇。 　　4. There is evidence that smoking is responsible for breast cancer(乳癌).

　　A. Right B.Wrong C. Not mentioned

　　分析：题干中涉及两层信息：evidence 和smoking is responsible for breast cancer。利用题干中的黑体词作为答案线索词，没有在文章中找到包含该答案线索词的句子所以判断问题句的说法为没提到。

　　6. Nicotine (尼古丁)is poisonous.

　　A. Right B.Wrong C. Not mentioned

　　分析：利用该句句意判断该句说法正确，这样答案可能是正确或没提到。题干中涉及1层信息。利用题干中的黑体词作为答案线索词，这样直接在文章中找到包含答案相关词的句子，确认答案。

　　Apart from statistics, it might be helpful to look at what tobacco does to the human body. Smoke is a mixture of gases, vaporized chemicals, minute particles of ash and other solids. There is also nicotine, which is powerful poison, and black tar(焦油).

　　补充：

　　Apart from: prep. 远离, 除...之外

　　Minute: adj. 微小的, 详细的

　　Grammar:

　　What: 引导名词性从句时可翻译成：(所)的

　　e.g. Everyone should do what he thinks right.每个人都应该做自己认为是正确的事。

　　e.g. I believed what she told me. 我相信她和我说的话。

　　Of: 由制成的;由组成的; 包含..;容纳..

　　e.g. a dress of cotton 棉布衣服

　　e.g. a bag of potatoes 一袋土豆

　　e.g. a kilo of butter 一公斤黄油

　　7. Filters and low tar tobacco make smoking safer.

　　A. Right B.Wrong C. Not mentioned

　　分析：题干中涉及到1层信息：Filters and low tar tobacco make smoking safer。利用题干中的黑体词作为答案线索词，这样在文章中找到直接答案相关句，确认答案。

　　As smoke is breathed in, all those components from deposits on the membranes of the lungs. One point of concentration is where the air tube and bronchus divides. Most lung cancer begins at this point.

　　Filters and low tar tobacco are claimed to make smoking to some extent safer, but they can only slightly reduce, not eliminate the hazards.

　　补充：

　　Deposit: n. 存款;储蓄; 定金;押金; vt. 放下;存放;储蓄

　　current deposit 活期存款

　　e.g. She deposited her money in the bank. 她把钱存在银行里。

　　Eliminate: vt.排除, 消除v.除去

　　Synonyms: dispose of, exclude, get rid of, reject, remove, throw out

　　Slightly: adv.稍微地

　　Concentrate: v. 集中(注意力、思想等), 集中于某处;使集中于一点

　　e.g. A driver should concentrate on the road when driving.开车时驾驶员的注意力要集中在路上。

　　e.g. Industrial development is being concentrated in the west of the country.这个国家的西部正集中发展工业。