Medicine Award Kicks off Nobel Prize Announcements
Australian-born U.S. citizen Elizabeth Blackburn and American Carol Greider have already won a series of medical honors for their enzyme research and experts say they could be among the front-runners for Nobel.
Among the pairs possible rivals are Frenchman Pierre Chambon and Americans Ronald Evans and Elwood Jensen, who opened up the field of studying proteins called nuclear hormone receptors.
Alfred Nobel, the Swede who invented dynamite, established the prizes in his will in the categories of medicine, physics, chemistry, literature and peace. The economics prize is technically not a Nobel but a 1968 creation of Swedens central bank.
Hans Jornvall, secretary of the medicine prize committee, said the 10 million kronor prize encourages groundbreaking research but he did not think winning it was the primary goal for scientists.
In 2006, Blackburn, of the University of California, San Francisco, and Greider, of Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, shared the Lasker prize for basic medical research with Jack Szostak of Harvard Medical School. Their work set the stage for research suggesting that cancer cells use telomerase to sustain their uncontrolled growth.
1. Who is Not a likely candidate for this years Nobel Prize in medicine?
B. Carol Greider.
D. Pierre Chambon.
A. He was from Sweden.
C. He established the prizes in his will.
3. Which was NOT originally one of the Nobel Prizes?
B. The literature prize.
D. The economics prize.
A. excitement.
C. motivation.
5. The research by Blackburn and Greider helps suggest the role of
B. proteins in cancer treatment.
D. telomerase in the growth of cancer cells.
2.D
4.A
诺贝尔奖的公布从医学奖开始
由于对酶的研究，出生于澳大利亚的美国人伊丽莎白.布莱克本和另外一个美国人开罗.格雷德已经赢得了一系列医学方面的荣誉。专家认为他们最可能获得这次的医学奖。
布莱克本和格雷德的竞争对手有来自法国的皮埃尔.尚本，来自美国的罗纳德.依文斯和艾尔伍德.杰森，他们开创了核激素受体这一蛋白质研究的新领域。
阿尔佛雷德.诺贝尔是瑞典人，他发明了甘油炸药。他在遗嘱里确立了诺贝尔而是瑞典中央银行在1968年创立的。
医学奖委员会秘书汉斯.乔恩瓦说，一千万瑞典克朗的奖金可以鼓励开拓性研究，然而，他认为，赢得奖金并不是科学家的初衷。
2006年，来自旧金山加利福尼亚大学的布莱克本，来自巴尔的摩约翰.霍普金斯大学的格雷德与来自哈佛医学院的杰克.绍斯塔克共同获得了拉斯克尔基础医学奖。他们的工作为研究癌细胞利用端粒酶维持不可控制的生长打下了基础。