Drug Reactions---A Major Cause of Death
Adverse drug reactions may cause the deaths of over 100,000 US hospital patients each year, making them a leading cause of death nationwide, according to a report in the Journal of the American Medical Association.
The incidence of serious and fatal adverse drug reactions in US hospital was found to be extremely high, say researchers at the University of Toronto in Ontario, Canada.
They carried on an analysis of 39 ADR-related studies at US hospitals over the past 30 years and defined an ADR as any harmful, unintended, and undesired effect of a drug which occurs at doses used in humans for prevention, diagnosis, or therapy.
An average 6.7% of all hospitalized patients experience an ADR every year, according to the researchers. They estimate that in 1994, overall 2,216,000 hospitalized patients had serious ADRs, and 106,000 had fatal ADRs. This means that ADRs may rank as the fourth single largest cause of death in America.
And these incidence figures are probably conservative, the researchers add, since their ADR definition did not include outcomes linked to problems in drug administration, overdoses, drug abuse, and therapeutic failures.
The control of ADRs also means spending more money. One US study estimated the overall cost of treating ADRs at up to $4 billion per year.
Dr David Bates of Brigham and Womens Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts, believes that healthcare workers need to pay more attention to the problem, especially since many ADRs are easily preventable. When a patient develops an allergy or sensitivity, it is often not recorded, Bates notes, and patients receive drug to which they have known allergies or sensitivities with disturbing frequency. He believes computerized surveillance systems---still works-in-progress at many of the nations hospitals---should help cut down the frequency of these types of errors.
1. Researchers at the University of Toronto believe that
A) ADRs have caused medical problems, though they seldom lead to death.
B) ADRs have very often caused patients to die in Canada.
C) ADRs have caused many deaths in America over the past 30 years.
D) It is easy to prevent ADRs from happening.
2. The investigators say that
A) 67 patients out of 100 in every American hospital die from ADRs each year.
B) 67 patients out of 100 in every American hospital experience from ADRs each year.
C) 6.7% of all hospitalized patients in America experience ADRs each year on average.
D) 6.7% of all hospitalized patients in Canada experience ADRs each year on average.
3. An American research estimates that the total sum of money spent in treating ADRs each year is as much as
A) $40,000,000,000
B) $4,000,000,000
C) $400,000,000
D) $40,000,000
4. The Canadian investigators think that
A) the ADR incidence figures form their research are surely very exact.
B) the ADR incidence figures form their research are probably to high.
C) the ADR incidence figures form their research are perhaps too low.
D) None of the above is true.
5. According to Dr David Bates, hospitals in America
A) are not paying enough attention to possibilities of ADR happenings.
B) Have never tried to use computers to prevent ADRs from happening.
C) Do not use those drugs which will cause side effects to their patients.
D) Know that many ADRs are easily preventable.
答案: CCBCA
2017高考英语听力素材VOA:Go English(word文档)ge021c
2017高考英语听力素材VOA:Go English(word文档)ge015c
2017高考英语听力素材VOA:Go English(word文档)ge017c
体坛英语资讯:Chinas curling team eliminated in Universiade
2017高考英语听力素材VOA:Go English(word文档)ge014a
2017高考英语听力素材VOA:Go English(word文档)ge019b
体坛英语资讯:Zidaane wants Pepe and Morata to stay, but sends message to Isco
2017高考英语听力素材VOA:Go English(word文档)ge020C
国内英语资讯: Cambodian PM reiterates commitment to one-China policy
2017高考英语听力素材VOA:Go English(word文档)ge018a
体坛英语资讯:Bayern drop points, Leipzig lose in German Bundesliga
2017高考英语听力素材VOA:Go English(word文档)ge014b
2017届高考英语总复习课后强化作业48(外研版选修8)
2017高考英语听力素材VOA:Go English(word文档)ge017b
国际英语资讯:Somali police defuse bomb targeting allied forces
2017高考英语听力素材VOA:Go English(word文档)ge012c
2017高考英语听力素材VOA:Go English(word文档)ge002a
2017高考英语听力素材VOA:Go English(word文档)ge012a
2017高考英语听力素材VOA:Go English(word文档)ge020b
2017高考英语听力素材VOA:Go English(word文档)ge013a
2017高考英语听力素材VOA:Go English(word文档)ge018b
2017高考英语听力素材VOA:Go English(word文档)ge016c
2017高考英语听力素材VOA:Go English(word文档)ge011c
国内英语资讯: Nepalese payment company to issue cobranded chip cards with Chinese UPI
国内英语资讯: Alibaba opens Australian, New Zealand headquarters in Melbourne
2017高考英语听力素材VOA:Go English(word文档)ge016b
2017高考英语听力素材VOA:Go English(word文档)ge021b
2017高考英语听力素材VOA:Go English(word文档)ge024c
2015高考英语一轮精讲教案:必修5 (9)
娱乐英语资讯:Xinhua Insight: Chinese flock to cinemas during Spring Festival