Phobia
Phobia is intense and persistent fear of a specific object, situation, or activity. Because of this intense and persistent fear, the phobic person often leads a constricted life. The anxiety is typically out of proportion to the real situation, and the victim is fully aware that the fear is irrational.
Phobic anxiety is distinguishable from other forms of anxiety only in that it occurs specifically in relation to a certain object or situation. This anxiety is characterized by physiological symptoms such as a rapid, pounding heartbeat, stomach disorders, nausea, diarrhea, frequent urination, choking feelings, flushing of the face, perspiration, tremulousness, and faintness. Some phobic people are able to confront their fears. More commonly, however, they avoid the situation or object that cause the fear---an avoidance that impairs the sufferers freedom.
Psychiatrists recognize three major types of phobias. Simple phobias are fears of specific objects or situations such as animal, closed spaces, and heights. The second type, agoraphobia, is fear of open, public places and situations from which escape is difficult; agoraphobics tend increasingly to avoid more situations until eventually they become housebound. Social phobias, the third type, are fears of appearing stupid or shameful in social situations. The simple phobias, especially the fear of animal, may begin in childhood and persist into adulthood. Agoraphobia characteristically begins in late adolescence or early adulthood, and social phobia is also associated with adolescence.
Although agoraphobia is more often seen in treatment than the other types of phobia, it is not believed to be as common as simple phobia. Taken together, the phobias are believed to afflict 5 to 10 persons in 100. Agoraphobia and simple phobia are more commonly diagnosed in women than in men; the distribution for social phobia is not known. Agoraphobias, social phobias, and animal phobias tend to run in families.
Behavioral techniques have proved successful in treating phobias, especially simple and social phobias. One technique, systematic desensitization, involves gradually confronting the phobic person with situations or objects that are increasingly close to the feared ones. Exposure therapy, another behavioral method, has recently been shown more affective. In this technique, phobics are repeatedly exposed to the feared situation or object so that they can see that no harm befalls them; the fear gradually fades. Antianxiety drugs have also been used as palliatives. Antidepressant drugs have also proved successful in treating some phobias.
1. According to the passage, a phobic person has fear
A) because he thinks life is terrible.
B) because the things before him are really fearful.
C) even if he knows that his fear is unnecessary.
D) for he is always threatened by others.
2. All the following symptoms may be experienced by a phobic EXCETP
A) sweating.
B) trembling.
C) forgetting things.
D) feeling like vomiting.
3. When faced with the object or situation they are afraid of, most phobics
A) try to stay away from the object or situation.
B) try to pick up courage and fight the object or situation.
C) go to their doctors so as to gain freedom.
D) know that their fears are the same with other forms of anxiety.
4. People suffering from agoraphobia may be afraid of
A) staying with dogs and cats.
B) taking the bus in rush hours.
C) standing on top of a high building.
D) staying alone at home.
5. Systematic desensitization and exposure therapy are similar ways of treating phobias
A) because both involve gradual exposure of phobics to fear stimuli
B) because both are behavioral methods.
C) because both use antianxiety drugs.
D) because both use antidepressant drugs.
答案: CCABB
【3年高考2年模拟】2016届高三英语一轮复习课件 Module 2 Traffic Jam
通江县2016届高三英语阅读能力训练(8)答案
【3年高考2年模拟】2016届高三英语一轮复习课件 Module 3 The Violence of Nature
【3年高考2年模拟】2016届高三英语一轮复习课件 写作指导二 高级词汇
上海市2016届高三英语一轮核心词汇复习:第35课时《stop doing~write to》
【3年高考2年模拟】2016届高三英语一轮复习课件 Module 1 Our Body and Healthy Habits
【3年高考2年模拟】2016届高三英语一轮复习课件 Module 2 Developing and Developed Countries
通江县2016届高三英语阅读能力训练(2)答案
上海市2016届高三英语一轮核心词汇复习:第34课时《put out~stick to》
【3年高考2年模拟】2016届高三英语一轮复习课件 Module 3 My First Ride on a Train
通江县2016届高三英语阅读能力训练(13)答案
通江县2016届高三英语阅读能力训练(7)答案
【3年高考2年模拟】2016届高三英语一轮复习课件 写作指导一 五种基本句型
上海市2016届高三英语一轮核心词汇复习:第32课时《in the end~no longer》
上海市2016届高三英语一轮核心词汇复习:第28课时《be strict with~come to》
【3年高考2年模拟】2016届高三英语一轮复习课件 Module 1 Life in the Future
【3年高考2年模拟】2016届高三英语一轮复习课件 Module 1 Deep South
【3年高考2年模拟】2016届高三英语一轮复习课件 语法专练三 定语从句
通江县2016届高三英语阅读能力训练(11)答案
通江县2016届高三英语阅读能力训练(10)答案
上海市2016届高三英语一轮核心词汇复习:第33课时《not any more~put on》
上海市2016届高三英语一轮核心词汇复习:第31课时《grow up~in surprise》
【3年高考2年模拟】2016届高三英语一轮复习课件 Module 3 Literature
通江县2016届高三英语阅读能力训练(3)答案
【3年高考2年模拟】2016届高三英语一轮复习课件 Module 3 Interpersonal Relationships—Friendship
【3年高考2年模拟】2016届高三英语一轮复习课件 Module 1 Small Talk
【3年高考2年模拟】2016届高三英语一轮复习课件 语法专练二 并列句和状语从句
【3年高考2年模拟】2016届高三英语一轮复习课件 Module 2 My New Teachers
【3年高考2年模拟】2016届高三英语一轮复习课件 Module 3 Music
通江县2016届高三英语阅读能力训练(6)答案