Drug Reactions---A Major Cause of Death
Adverse drug reactions may cause the deaths of over 100,000 US hospital patients each year, making them a leading cause of death nationwide, according to a report in the Journal of the American Medical Association.
The incidence of serious and fatal adverse drug reactions in US hospital was found to be extremely high, say researchers at the University of Toronto in Ontario, Canada.
They carried on an analysis of 39 ADR-related studies at US hospitals over the past 30 years and defined an ADR as any harmful, unintended, and undesired effect of a drug which occurs at doses used in humans for prevention, diagnosis, or therapy.
An average 6.7% of all hospitalized patients experience an ADR every year, according to the researchers. They estimate that in 1994, overall 2,216,000 hospitalized patients had serious ADRs, and 106,000 had fatal ADRs. This means that ADRs may rank as the fourth single largest cause of death in America.
And these incidence figures are probably conservative, the researchers add, since their ADR definition did not include outcomes linked to problems in drug administration, overdoses, drug abuse, and therapeutic failures.
The control of ADRs also means spending more money. One US study estimated the overall cost of treating ADRs at up to $4 billion per year.
Dr David Bates of Brigham and Womens Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts, believes that healthcare workers need to pay more attention to the problem, especially since many ADRs are easily preventable. When a patient develops an allergy or sensitivity, it is often not recorded, Bates notes, and patients receive drug to which they have known allergies or sensitivities with disturbing frequency. He believes computerized surveillance systems---still works-in-progress at many of the nations hospitals---should help cut down the frequency of these types of errors. 1. Researchers at the University of Toronto believe that
A) ADRs have caused medical problems, though they seldom lead to death.
B) ADRs have very often caused patients to die in Canada.
C) ADRs have caused many deaths in America over the past 30 years.
D) It is easy to prevent ADRs from happening.
2. The investigators say that
A) 67 patients out of 100 in every American hospital die from ADRs each year.
B) 67 patients out of 100 in every American hospital experience from ADRs each year.
C) 6.7% of all hospitalized patients in America experience ADRs each year on average.
D) 6.7% of all hospitalized patients in Canada experience ADRs each year on average.
3. An American research estimates that the total sum of money spent in treating ADRs each year is as much as
A) $40,000,000,000
B) $4,000,000,000
C) $400,000,000
D) $40,000,000
4. The Canadian investigators think that
A) the ADR incidence figures form their research are surely very exact.
B) the ADR incidence figures form their research are probably to high.
C) the ADR incidence figures form their research are perhaps too low.
D) None of the above is true.
5. According to Dr David Bates, hospitals in America
A) are not paying enough attention to possibilities of ADR happenings.
B) Have never tried to use computers to prevent ADRs from happening.
C) Do not use those drugs which will cause side effects to their patients.
D) Know that many ADRs are easily preventable.
答案: CCBCA
国内英语资讯:Xi calls for greater efforts to win battle against poverty on time
专家称日本网红眼药水有健康风险,你还敢用吗?
国际英语资讯:Interview: U.S. and China should find ways to ensure more effective cooperation: U.S. offici
娱乐英语资讯:Frances Alain Delon to be awarded Honorary Palme dor at 72nd Cannes Festival
国内英语资讯:China to further enhance ties with Dominican Republic: top legislator
国际英语资讯:Trump says he received letter from DPRKs Kim
国内英语资讯:Commentary: China proves socialism best way to eradicate poverty
Foreigners Stereotype of China 外国人对中国的刻板印象
国内英语资讯:Chinese premier meets World Bank chief on deepening cooperation
2019年6月英语四级作文预测:心理健康
国际英语资讯:Russian Black Sea Fleet holds drills parallel to NATO exercises
老板的小小举动温暖了我的心
国内英语资讯:China firmly opposes U.S. remarks on ordinance amendments: spokesperson
俄政府解除对调查记者的软禁
Uber上市后首次公布盈利状况,股价暴跌
国际英语资讯:No U.S.-UK trade deal if Good Friday Agreement undermined after Brexit: U.S. politician
国际田径联合会继续禁止俄罗斯选手参赛
国内英语资讯:Any attempts to interfere with Chinas internal affairs doomed to failure: spokesperson
为什么人越长大时间过得越快?新研究说这不是幻觉
国际英语资讯:Spotlight: Syrian refugees face rising resentment in post-election Turkey
国内英语资讯:Chinas top legislature launches media activity to promote Yangtze River protection
国际英语资讯:Chinese UN envoy calls for eliminating root causes of armed conflict
国内英语资讯:Senior CPC official stresses harmony, stability in religious affairs
国际英语资讯:Jury selection completed for Chinese scholar slaying trial
国际英语资讯:News Analysis: Spains political maturity to be tested in general election
我该不该和前男友共进晚餐?
美司法部要求英国引渡维基解密创始人阿桑奇
体坛英语资讯:Warriors center Cousins questionable for Finals Game 1
国际英语资讯:Death toll of Libyas Tripoli clashes rises to 189: WHO
体坛英语资讯:Nadal, Federer reach mens singles third round, Bertens out of French Open