如何做词汇理解题
在职称考试中经常会出现一些词汇性选择题。词汇性选择题主要是考察考生对一个词汇或短语在特定语言环境下的确切含义。所考的词汇主要有两类: 一类是超出大纲词汇表的词汇,以前没有见过的新词,要求考生根据上下文猜测出它的确切含义。另一类是熟词僻义或者是旧词新义(即原来学过的词在新的语言环境下另有新义)。在这种情况下,考生以前知道的常规词义往往都不是解。有的考生想通过查阅词典来找出答案。实践证明,对于这种考题,查阅词典往往无济于事。考生一定要切记:只有根据上下文才能选出具体的,合乎文章内容的正确词义。因此考生在解题时,首先要对文章上下文有一个正确的理解,利用文章中所给出的线索或暗示来推断词义。根据上下文推断词义主要有以下几种方法:
(1) 利用定义和释义
有时在一篇文章中,作者估计到某个词或词组读者可能不熟悉,就常常在这个词或短语后面直接给出定义或换一种说法进行解释。例如:
They need to make their income meet the cost of living; so many people plan a family budget. A budget is a list of monthly expenses.
Experts in kinetics, in their study of body motions as related to speech, hope to discover new methods of communication.
He was a very astute buyer, estimating values very carefully and never allowing himself to be deceived.
Sociology is the term used to describe the scientific study of human society.
These medical students have decided to become pediatricians, that is, doctors specializing in the care and diseases of children.
A jetty――a wall built out into the water, protects the harbor.
To boycott a store means to refuse to shop in the store.
Jane is indecisive, that is, she cant make up her mind.
I thought they were old-fashioned, thinking too much of old ways and ideas.
Hausa, namely a language of the Sudan, is widely used as a trade language throughout western Africa.
An autobiography is the story of a persons life written by himself.
Holography, or three-dimensional photography, has many industrial applications.
Every once in a while in some part of the world or another, the ground suddenly shakes, and we call the event an earthquake.
Carbon monoxide (co) is a noxious gas which can cause death.
He had a wan look. He was so pale and weak that we thought he was ill.
Should the government regulate the cost of resources such as oil and gas? Some people do not believe that government control is the solution to the problem of the rising cost of fuel.
To turn something upside down 把……翻个底朝天
Would you let your baby sleep in a box? 你愿意让自己的宝宝在盒子里睡觉吗?
To lie through your teeth 睁眼说瞎话
Hot potato 棘手的问题“烫手山芋”
There's method to my madness 我有一个不合常理的办法
Knee-jerk reaction 本能反映
Old-school 老一套,老派
One good turn deserves another 以德报德,礼尚往来
It takes two to tango 一个巴掌拍不响
The last/final straw 忍无可忍,使人最终崩溃的一击
Bored at work? Sue the boss! 工作无聊怪老板?
Glass-bottomed bridge, cancer risk for HRT and 120-year-old man 世界最长玻璃桥开放,荷尔蒙替代疗法增患癌风险,印度教120岁僧人
Too much stuff 物质主义和简约主义
Hangry 饥饿成怒
Pull something out of the hat 突施妙计
Bye bye Big Ben's bongs 与大本钟的钟声暂时告别
To fall at the first hurdle 跌倒在第一关
Earth-like planet, Pink cockatoo dies at 83 类地行星,83岁风头鹦鹉逝世
In the blink of an eye 一眨眼之间
Going forward 从今往后