2014年职称英语卫生类考试教材阅读理解文章及练习(15)

　　Warm People Likely to Keep Cold at Bay

　　Staying positive2 through the cold season could be your best defense against getting ill，new study findings suggest. In an experiment that.exposed healthy volunteers to a cold or flu virus3, researchers found that people with a generally sunny disposition4 were less likely to fall ill.

　　The findings, published in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine, build on evidence that a positive emotional style5 can help ward off the common cold and other illnesses. Researchers believe the reasons may be both objective as in happiness boosting immune function and subjective as in happy people being less troubled by a scratchy throat6 or runny nose.

　　People with a positive emotional style may have different immune responses to the virus，， explained lead study author Dr Sheldon Cohen of Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. And when they do get a cold, they may interpret their illness as being less severe.

　　Cohen and his colleagues had found in a previous study that happier people seemed less Susceptible to7 catching a cold, but some questions remained as to8 whether the emotional trait itself had the effect.

　　For the new study, the researchers had 193 healthy adults complete standard measures of personality traits, self-perceived health and emotional style. Those who tended to be happy, energetic and easy-going were judged as having a positive emotional style, while those who were often unhappy，tense and hostile had a negative style.

　　The researchers gave them nasal drops containing either a cold virus or a particular flu virus. Over the next six days，the volunteers reported on any aches，pains，sneezing or congestion they had, while the researchers collected objective data, like daily mucus production. Cohen and his colleagues found that based on objective measures of nasal woes, happy people were less likely to develop a cold.

　　词汇：

　　bay 绝境，穷途末路 catch 感染到

　　flu 流行性感冒 trait 特质;特征

　　virus 病毒 perceive 发觉，觉察;理解

　　disposition 本性，性情 energetic 精力充沛的，精神饱满的

　　psychosomatic 心身的，身心的 easy-going 随和的

　　boost 提高，举起 tense 紧张的

　　scratchy 刺痛的，使人发痒的 hostile 敌意的

　　nasal 鼻的 runny 流黏液的 ache 疼痛，酸痛

　　Pittsburgh 匹兹堡 sneeze 打喷嚏

　　congestion 充血 colleague 同事 mucus 黏液

　　susceptible 易感的，敏感的 woe 痛苦，苦恼;灾难，苦头

　　注释：

　　1.Warm People Likely to Keep Cold at Bay:情绪乐观的人不易患感冒。warm people 原意是 热心肠的人，情绪高昂的人 ,keep/hold.. at bay是使走投无路，不使接近的意 思，因此本题目如果直译则是情绪高昂的人可能让感冒不能得逞或情绪高昂的人可能 远离感冒或情绪高昂的人可能拒感冒于千里之外。

　　2.staying positive:保持积极向上

　　3.exposed healthy volunteers to a cold or flu virus:使健康的志愿者接触感冒或流感病 毒。expose原意是使暴露，使面临，这里expose sb. to sth.是使接触的意思。

　　4.sunny disposition:乐观开朗的个性

　　5.positive emotional style:乐观情绪型，情绪积极型

　　6.scratchy throat ：嗓子痛

　　7.susceptible to:对敏感的，容易受到影响的

　　8.as to:关于，至于

　　练习：

　　1. According to a study author, when people with a positive emotional style do get a cold, they may think

　　A that their illness is very serious.

　　B that their illness is not so serious.

　　C that they do not get any illness at all.

　　D that the illness they get is not a mild one.

　　2.People with a positive emotional style may have all of the following characteristics EXCEPT

　　A happy.

　　B selfish.

　　C easy-going.

　　D energetic.

　　3.Which of the following is NOT one of the characteristics that people with a negative emotional style may have?

　　A Hostile.

　　B Unhappy.

　　C Warm-blooded.

　　D Tense.

　　4. How did the researchers test their volunteers?

　　A By giving everyone nasal drops containing either a cold virus or a particular flu virus.

　　B By giving everyone a medicine that help lessen the probability of catching cold.

　　C By giving everyone an injection boosting immune function.

　　D By investigating everyones characteristics, interests and hobbies.

　　5.Which of the following items is NOT included in the data that the researchers collected?

　　A Mucus production.

　　B Aches and pains.

　　C Sneezing or congestion.

　　D Blood test.

　　答案与题解：

　　1.B本题答案来自第三段，其中第二句说:当他们的确患感冒时，他们认为病情并不太严重

　　2.B 选项A、C、D在第五段第二句均提到，只有B项没提到，而且从逻辑推理，情绪乐观的人 绝不会是自私自利的人。

　　3.C选项A、B、D也均在第五段第二句提到，而C项热情洋溢也不应属于情绪低落、消极 的人所应有的性格特征。

　　4.A第六段第一句说的就是研究者给这些志愿者一些含有感冒病毒或某种流感病毒的滴鼻剂，这正是本题答案。

　　5.D选项A、B、C在第六段第二句均提到，而D项则不在其中之列。

　　译文：乐观情绪助你远离感冒

　　最新研究显示，保持乐观积极的情绪是预防感冒的最佳途径。一项令健康受试者接触感冒病毒 的实验证明，积极情绪类型的受试者受感染的几率相对较小。

　　这个名为积极情绪可以帮助预防感冒及其他疾病的发现被刊登在《身心医学》期刊上，而究 其原因则分为客观和主观两方面。客观原因是积极乐观的情绪有助于增强免疫系统的功能，而主观 原因则是：心情快乐的人较少受到咽痛和流鼻涕的困扰。

　　来自匹兹堡卡内基?梅隆大学的Sheldon Cohen博士是此研究的主要参与者.,他解释道积极 情绪类型的人对于病毒的免疫反应可能较常人不同，而且当患感冒时,他们往往不会把自己的病 情想象得太糟糕。

　　在此前一项更早的研究中,Cohen及其同事就曾经发现，积极情绪型的人对感冒病毒似乎不太 敏感，但当时并不能确定引起这种区别的是性格特征因素。

　　在这次新的研究实验中，研究者对193名健康的受试者进行了规范的性格测试，包括自我认为 的健康程度以及情绪类型等。其中那些更倾向于心情愉快、精力充沛且平易近人的受试者为积极情 绪型，而那些总是心情不快、紧张并对旁人心存敌意的受试者则属于消极情绪类型。

　　研究者给每位受试者提供了含有感冒病毒或某类流感病毒的滴鼻液，在接下来的六周里，每位 受试者每天汇报他们各自的身体反应，如疼痛、鼻塞、打喷嚏等。而研究者则要统计各种客观数据， 如受试者每日黏液分泌物化验结果等。根据实验的一些客观统计数据，Cohen 及其同事发现，积极情绪类型的人患感冒的机会相对更小一些。