职称英语基础讲解:动词的-ed形式
一、作表语
动词的-ed形式是动词的另一种非限定性形式,一般由动词加-ed构成。-ed形式与-ing形式在句法功能上基本相同,从意义上看,两者却有差别:现在分词与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系,过去分词与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系;现在分词表示一般性或正在进行的动作,而过去分词则表示已经完成的动作。
过去分词作表语一般用来表示感受、状态。如:
We were very interested in the novel she gave us yesterday.
我们对她昨天给我们的小说非常感兴趣。
She was quite frightened by the sudden noise outside the door.
她被门外突然的吵闹声吓住了。
可以用作表语的常见过去分词有:delighted, disappointed, upset, astonished, excited,frightened, experienced, interested, qualified, puzzled, exhausted, satisfied等。
二、作宾语补语
英语中可以带-ed分词作宾语补语的动词有:
1.表示感觉和心理状况的动词:think, hear, feel, see, watch等。如:
I have never heard this song sung in English.
我从来没有听到这首歌用英语唱过。
2.表示使役的动词:get, let, make, help等。如:
He made it known to everyone that he was right.
他使每个人都明白他是对的。
3.表示希望、要求等意义的动词:wish, want, like, order等。如:
He wants his composition to be read by every classmate.
他想每个同学都读他的作文。
三、作定语
1.-ed分词可以作前置定语,此时,分词与名词之间有两种语义关系:一种是分词表示主动意义;一种是分词表示被动意义。如:
He is a retired worker.
他是一个退休工人。
This is a newly-developed device.
这是一个新开发的工具。
2.-ed分词作后置定语时,其功能相当于一个定语从句。如:
She likes to drink cold boiled water.
他喜欢喝凉白开。
They were inspecting the houses damaged by the storm.
他们正在视察被暴风雨毁坏的房屋。
四、作状语
-ed分词作状语跟-ing作状语一样,修饰主句的谓语动词,意义上相当于状语从句,表示时间、原因、条件、伴随状况等。
1.表示时间
Seen from a distance, the mountain looked like a lion.
从远处看,这座山脉象一头狮子。
2.表示原因
Criticized unfairly, she left the office without saying a word.
由于受到不公平的批评,她默默地离开了办公室。
3.表示条件
Watered once a day, the flower will grow very well.
如果每天浇一次水,这花会长得很好。
4.表示伴随状况
He stood there, fascinated by the singing.
他站在那儿,被歌声所吸引。
在句子深层结构中,-ed分词短语的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。如果-ed分词短语的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致,-ed分词短语的逻辑主语则需要用一个独立结构或者用一个由with/without等引导的介词短语表达出来。如:
The question settled, they left for home.
问题解决了,他们就回家了。
With everything taken into consideration, we all think this is a good suggestion.
统观全局,我们认为这是一个好的提议。
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