1. 分词作定语
1)分词作定语既可以放在所修饰的词之前,作前置定语,也可以放在所修饰的词后面,作后置定语。其作用相当于一个定语从句。例如:
Where are the reserved seats?
预定的座位在哪里?
This is a pressing problem.
这是一个紧迫的问题。
2)分词作后置定语可分为限制性和非限制性两种,其作用分别相当于一个限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。例如:
The funds raisedare mainly used for helping the homeless.
筹集的资金主要用来帮助那些无家可归的人。
There are many students waitingto get examined.
有许多学生在等待检查。
This book,writtenin simple English,is suitable for beginners.
本书是用浅显的英语写的,适合初学者。
3)分词常和形容词、副词或名词构成合成形容词作定语。例如:
The flower-carrying girl must be waiting for someone.
那位手持鲜花的姑娘一定在等人。
The newly-built building is our office building.
这座新建的大楼是我们的办公楼。
4)有些不及物动词的过去分词作定语,并不表示被动的意思而是表示完成。这类过去分词常作前置修饰语。例如:
There are a lot of fallen leaves in autumn.
秋天有许多落叶。
The film describes the story about the police who pursue an escaped man.
这部电影描述的是警察抓逃犯的事。
常用的这一类词有:fallen,faded,returned,retired,risen,grown up,vanished等。
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