职称英语卫生类考试考前每日一练(22)

　　职称英语卫生类考试考前每日一练

　　阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把8涂黑;如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑。

　　Plants and Mankind

　　Botany, the study of plants, occupies a peculiar position in the history of human knowledge. We dont know what our Stone Age ancestors knew about plants, but from what we can observe of pre-industrial societies that still exist, a detailed learning of plants and their properties must be extremely ancient. This is logical. Plants are the basis of the food pyramid for all living things, even for other plants. They have always been enor-mously important to the welfare of people, not only for food, but also for clothing, weap-on, tools, dyes, medicines, shelter, and many other purposes. Tribes living today in the jungle of the Amazon recognize hundreds of plants and know many properties of each. To them botany has no name and is probably not even recognized as a special branch of knowledge at all.

　　Unfortunately, the more industrialized we become the farther away we move from di-rect contact with plants, and the less distinct our knowledge of botany grows. Yet every-one comes unconsciously on an amazing amount of botanical knowledge, and few people will fail to recognize a rose, an apple or an orchid. When our Neolithic ancestors, living in the Middle East about 10,000 years ago, discovered that certain grasses could be harvested and their seeds planted for richer yields the next season, the first great step in a new asso-ciation of plants and humans was taken. Grains were discovered and from them flowed the marvel of agriculture: cultivated crops. From then on, humans would increasingly make their living from the controlled production of a few plants, rather than getting a little here and a little there from many varieties that grew wild, and the accumulated knowledge of tens of thousands of years of experience and intimacy with. plants in the wild would begin to fade away.

　　16. It is logical that a detailed learning of plants and their properties must be extreme-ly ancient.

　　A. Right

　　B. Wrong

　　C. Not mentioned

　　17. People cannot survive without plants.

　　A. Right

　　B. Wrong

　　C. Not mentioned

　　18. Tribes living today in the jungle of the Amazon teach botany to their children at school.

　　A. Right

　　B. Wrong

　　C. Not mentioned

　　19. Our direct contact with plants grows with the process of industrialization.

　　A. Right

　　B. Wrong

　　C. Not mentioned

　　20. Today people usually acquire a large amount of botanical knowledge from text-books.

　　A. Right

　　B. Wrong

　　C. Not mentioned

　　21. People living in the Middle East first learned to grow plants for food about 10,000 years ago.

　　A. Right

　　B. Wrong

　　C. Not mentioned

　　22. Once mankind began farming, they no longer had to get food from many varieties that grew wild.

　　A. Right

　　B. Wrong

　　C. Not mentioned

　　参考译文

　　植物与人类

　　植物学，即对植物的研究，在人类认知的历史上占有特殊的地位。我们不知道我们生活在新石器时代的祖先对植物有多少了解，但是从我们可以观察到的仍然存在的工业化以前的社会可以看出，关于植物及其功用特征的详细知识一定非常地久远。这是符合逻辑的。

　　植物位于所有生命的食物金字塔的基部，即使对其他的植物来说也是如此。对人类的幸福而言，植物总是极其重要，它不仅为人类提供食物，还提供衣服、武器、工具、染料、医药、房屋，以及各种其他方便并帮助人类达到许多其他目的。今天，生活在亚马逊河丛林的部落认识成百上千的植物，并且知道每种植物的许多功用特性。对他们而言，植物学没有名称，甚至可能全然算不上一个特殊的知识领域。

　　不幸的是，越是工业化，我们同植物的直接接触就变得越遥远，对植物的认识也变得模糊。但是，每个人都不知不觉地掌握了令人惊愕的植物学知识，很少有人会认不出玫瑰、苹果或兰花。大约一万年前的新石器时代，我们的祖先生活在中东地区，他们发现某些草可以收割，播下这些草的种子还可以在下一个季节获得更高的产量。由此他们迈出了植物和人类关系史上重要的第一步。粮食被发现了，由此产生了耕种庄稼的农业奇迹。人类逐渐靠几种植物的固定产量维生，而不是单纯从许多野生的植物中这儿采点儿那儿采点儿。积累了数万年的植物知识经验以及人们和野生植物的亲密关系由此开始逐渐消失。