1. 分词作定语
1) 分词作定语既可以放在所修饰的词之前,作前置定语,也可以放在所修饰的词后面,作后置定语.其作用相当于一个定语从句.例如:
Where are the reserved seats?
预定的座位在哪里?
This is a pressing problem.
这是一个紧迫的问题.
2) 分词作后置定语可分为限制性和非限制性两种,其作用分别相当于一个限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句.
例如:
The funds raised are mainly used for helping the homeless.
筹集的资金主要用来帮助那些无家可归的人.
There are many students waiting to get examined.
有许多学生在等待检查
This book, written in simple English, is suitable for beginners.
本书是用浅显的英语写的,适合初学者.
3) 分词常和形容词、副词或名词构成合成形容词作定语.例如:
The flower-carrying girl must be waiting for someone.
那位手持鲜花的姑娘一定在等人.
The newly-built building is our office building.
这座新建的大楼是我们的办公楼.
4) 有些不及物动词的过去分词作定语,并不表示被动的意思而是表示完成.这类过去分词常作前置修饰语.例如:
There are a lot of fallen leaves in autumn.
秋天有许多落叶.
The film describes the story about the police who pursue an escaped man.
这部电影描述的是警察抓逃犯的事.
常用的这一类词有:fallen, faded, returned, retired, risen, grown up, vanished等.
2. 分词作宾语补足语
1) 跟分词作宾补的动词有:catch, have get, keep, hear, find, feel, leave, make, want, start, notice, observe, watch, set等.例如:
When they returned home from the holiday, they found their house stolen.
当他们度假完回到家时,发现房子被盗了.
2) 在复合宾语中,用现在分词作宾补,说明宾语是动作的发出者,形成逻辑上的主谓关系;用过去分词作宾补,表示宾语是动作的承受者,构成逻辑上的动宾关系.例如:
There was so much noise that the speaker couldnt make himself heard.
由于十分吵闹,讲话人没法让人听到他的声音.
When he awoke, he found himself being looked after by an old woman.
他醒来的时候发现一位老大娘正在照顾他.
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