高中英语语法复习专题 主谓一致和倒装
一、考点聚焦
1、语法形式上的一致
主语为单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式;主语为复数形式,谓语动词也用复数形式。
The number of students in our school is 1,700.
Mary and Kelly look alike.
2、意义上一致
(1)主语形式虽为单数,但意义为复数,谓语动词用复数。
The crowd were runing for their lives.
单数形式代表复数内容的词有people、police、cattle等。
(2)主语形式为复数,而意义上却是单数,谓语动词用单数。The news is very exciting.
形复意单的单词有new、works(工厂)、means和以ics结尾的学科名称physics、poli-tics、economics等。
3、就近原则。即谓语动词的单复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。如果连词or、either … or、neither … nor、not only … but also等连接的并列主语,如果一个是单数,一个是复数,谓语动词与靠近它的主语一致。
Either you or I am mad.
4、应注意的若干问题
(1)名词作主语。
①某些集体名词如family、team等作主语时,如果作为一个整体看待,谓语用单数,反之用复数。
My family is going out for a trip.
The whole family are watching TV.
这类词常有audience、class club、committee、company、crew、crowd、enemy、government、group、party、public、team等。
Population和“a group(crowd)of + 复数名词”也适用于这种情况,强调整体用单数,强调各个部分用复数。
②某些集体名词如people、police、cattle、oxen只当复数看待,谓语动词必须用复数。
③单、复数同形的名词作主语时,谓语动词应根据意义决定单、复数。
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