高中英语语法 谓语动词的用法比较
1、 动词不定式与动词-ing(动名词)作主语时的比较:
不定式作主语通常表示“具体动作”或“某个特定的情况”。动名词作主语通常表示“抽
象动作或泛指一般情况”。如:
It’s not good for you to smoke so much.(特指)
Smoking is a bad habit, which you should get rid of. (泛指)
2、 动词不定式、动词-ing(动名词、现在分词)与过去分词作表语时的比较:
(1)动词不定式、动词-ing(动名词)作表语时,前者表示某一具体动作,特别是将
来的动作,而后者表示比较抽象的一般行为。如:
Our job today is to sweep the floor. The ant queen’ job is laying eggs.
(2) 现在分词、过去分词作表语,表示主语的性质、特点和状态。如:
The news I heard just now is very astonishing.
The car is broken and we have to have it repaired.
3、动词不定式、动词-ing(动名词、现在分词)与过去分词作定语时的比较:
(1)动词不定式、动词-ing(动名词)作定语时,前者放在被修饰名词的后面,后
者则放在被修饰名词的前面,说明其所修饰名词的用途。
A .She was the first woman to climb the highest mountain in the world. (修饰被序数词、最高级或no, all , any等限定的中心词。)
B. She has no ability to read and write Chinese. (抽象名词常见的有:ability, chance, idea, fact, excuse, promise, answer, reply, attempt, belief, way, reason, moment, time等。)
C.I borrowed some books intended for children to read during my holiday. (表将来)
D. a sitting room=a room for sitting
(2)现在分词和过去分词作定语,单个的常放在被修饰名词的前面,说明其所修饰的
名词的性质或特征;如是短语,常放在被修饰的名词后面,前者相当于一个定语从句,表示“说话时正在进行”或“与谓语动词同时进行”或“经常性”的动作;而后者也相当于一个定语从句,分词所表示的动作一般“先于谓语动词所表示的动作”或“没有一定的时间性的动作”。
A. Tom is going to attend the wedding party in two days.
B. The girl dancing happily is a friend of mine. = The girl who is dancing happily is a friend of mine.
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