BBC新闻讲解附字幕:奥巴马公布新的年度预算

BBC News with David Legge

There have been violent clashes between protesters and the police in the Iranian capital Tehran as anti-government rallies were held in several different locations across the city. An Iranian news agency is reporting that one person was shot dead. Thousands of demonstrators took part in the protests, which werein partheld to show solidarity with recent demonstrations in Tunisia and Egypt. Dozens of opposition supporters have been arrested, and electricity and mobile phone services have beencut offin central Tehran. Mohsen Asgari is a BBC employee in Tehran.

We can see hundreds of anti-riot police and security forces, and then they started todispersethe people by force, but people started to chanting slogans against the police. I could see a lot of clashes, severe clashes. Police started to launch tear gases and pepper gases. I myself was affected seriously.

Egypt has been hit by a wave of strikes andrenewed protests, despite calls by the military authorities for a return to normality. In Tahrir Square in Cairo, crowds of new protestersthwarted attempts to remove the remaining anti-government demonstrators. Wyre Davies reports from Cairo.

Political reform may be coming in Egypt with the promise of free and fair elections, but there's realisation that economic reform may take much longer. In another televised address, the interim ruling military councilappealed toall Egyptians to go back to work and warned that strikes and industrial disputes would damage the country. But across Egypt, thousands of largely working class state employees have been demonstrating for more pay.

A court in Ecuador has fined the American oil giant Chevron a reported $8bn for polluting a large part of the country's Amazon region. A lawyer for the plaintiffs said they'd been awarded the sum after accusing the Texaco oil company, which was bought by Chevron in 2001, of damaging swathes of the northern jungle. Chevron said itintended toappeal. Vanessa Buschschluter reports.

In 1993, lawyers representing 30,000 residents of the Amazon region argued that the Texaco oil company was responsible for dumping chemical-laden oil drilling waste in hundreds of small ponds in the Amazon river basin. The plaintiffs say the resulting pollution caused $27bn in damages from illness, deaths and economic loss. Now a judge has ruled in their favour, reportedly awarding them $8bn.

An assistant to the Russian judge who handled the recent trial of the dissident tycoon Mikhail Khodorkovsky has said the verdict and sentence were not his own, but weredictated to him. Natalya Vasilyeva, a spokeswoman for the court, made the claim in media interviews. The judge denied the allegation.

World News from the BBC

President Obama haslaid outhis annual budget, saying he's making tough choices to tackle the country's spiralling budget deficit, but there's already been adismissiveresponse from the Republicans. Adam Brooks reports from Washington.

The president said that under his new budget, government spending would be lower as a share of the economy than at any time in 50 years, and he said it would shrink the American government's enormous deficit. But Mr Obama's Republican opponents in Congress have already challenged these plans, saying they don't go nearly far enough to reduce government spending,and it's those Republicans, who now control the House of Representatives and hold the real power when it comes to spending.The budget always prompts a battle, but this one, which comes as America struggles out of recession and heads into a presidential election, will be moreviciousthan most.

The United States has accused the military-backed government in Burma of threatening the pro-democracy leader Aung San Suu Kyi and says this shows things haven't changed despite last year's election. A State Department spokesman said Burma claimed there was a new era but it was up to its old tricks. A commentary in Burma's state media said on Sunday that Aung San Suu Kyi and her party would meet what it called a "tragic end" if theystuck topolicies including support for Western sanctions.

The United Nations Security Council has called for a permanent ceasefire between Cambodia and Thailand after clashes in their disputed border area killed at least eight people earlier this month. The council also expressed support formediationefforts by Asean, the regional grouping of Southeast Asian nations.

Colombia says it's in talks with China to build an alternative to the Panama Canal, a rail link between Colombia's Atlantic and Pacific coasts. Colombian President Juan Manuel Santos told the Financial Times newspaper that the proposal was quite advanced. China has been increasing its investment and lending in Latin America.

BBC News

伊朗首都德黑兰几个不同的地方发生了反政府集会，抗议者和警方之间发生暴力冲突。伊朗一家新闻机构报道称，一人在冲突过程中被枪杀。数千名示威者参加了这些抗议活动，部分是为了表示与突尼斯和埃及最近发生的示威活动的团结。几十名反对派支持者现在已经被逮捕，德黑兰中部的电力和手机服务均被切断。Mohsen Asgari是BBC驻德黑兰一名雇员。

我们可以看到数百名防暴警察和安全力量，当时他们已经开始使用武力驱散示威人群，但是人们开始高呼反对警察的口号。我看到了许多严重的冲突。警方开始施放催泪弹和胡椒气。我自己也受到了严重的影响。

埃及遭遇了一系列罢工和新的抗议活动，尽管军方呼吁恢复正常。在开罗解放广场，新的抗议人群试图阻碍原有的反政府示威者。Wyre Davies在开罗报道。

埃及军方已经承诺进行政治改革，并承诺举行自由公平的选举，但是人们意识到，经济改革可能需要更长的时间。在另一次电视讲话中，临时执政的军方委员会呼吁所有埃及人返回工作岗位，他们警告称，罢工和行业争议将会对整个国家造成损害。但是在埃及全国各地，主要是工人阶级的数千人要求提高薪资。

据报道，厄瓜多尔一家法庭对美国石油巨头雪佛龙处以80亿美元的赔款，原因是污染了亚马逊河区域大范围地区。原告表示，他们此前已经指控2001年被雪佛龙收购的德士古石油公司污染北部丛林大面积地区，处以同样数目的罚款。雪佛龙表示他们将提起上诉。Vanessa Buschschluter报道。

1993年，代表亚马逊流域30,000名居民的律师辩称，德士古石油公司向亚马逊河流域数百个水池中倾倒了含有化学材料的石油开采废物。原告表示，由此产生的污染导致疾病，死亡和经济损失等总额高达270亿美元。现在，一名法官裁决表示支持他们，据报道，要求石油公司赔偿80亿美元。

对俄罗斯前首富霍多科夫斯基(Mikhail Khodorkovsky)进行审判的法官的一名助手表示，判决和判刑并不是由法官本人作出的，而是收到的领导的命令。法庭女发言人Natalya Vasilyeva在媒体采访中这样表示。这名法官否认了该说法。

BBC世界新闻。

奥巴马总统阐明了年度预算，称他将作出艰难的抉择，应对全国不断攀升的预算赤字，但是共和党人已经出现了轻视的反应。Adam Brooks在华盛顿报道。

总统表示，按照新的预算，政府支出占据经济总量的份额将低于50年来任何时候。他表示，该预算计划将缩减美国政府庞大的赤字。但是奥巴马在国会的共和党对手已经对这些计划提出挑战，称这些措施不足够减少政府支出。这些共和党人现在正控制着众议院，在支出方面拥有实权。预算计划通常都会引发争论，但是这次的争论将会比大部分时间更加激烈，因为美国现在正努力摆脱经济衰退，而且下届总统选举也即将举行。

美国指控缅甸军方支持的政府威胁支持民主派领袖昂山素季，称去年的选举过后情况并没有发生改变。国务院一名发言人表示，缅甸声称迎来了新的时代，但是仍然在耍原来的诡计。缅甸官方媒体一份评论周日表示，昂山素季和她的党派如果坚持自己的政策，包括支持西方制裁，他们一定会面临“悲惨的结局”。

本月初，柬埔寨和泰国在有争议的边境地区发生冲突，造成至少8人死亡。联合国安理会呼吁双方永久性地停火。安理会还表示了对东南亚国家联盟调停努力的支持。

哥伦比亚表示，他们正在与中国进行对话，建造除巴拿马运河之外另外一条通道，连接哥伦比亚大西洋和太平洋海岸的铁路。哥伦比亚总统桑托斯(Juan Manuel Santos)告诉金融时报，该提议非常先进。中国正逐步增加在拉丁美洲的投资和贷款。

1.disperse vt.vi.（使）分散，散开；疏散；驱散

例句：After school the children dispersed to their homes.

放学后, 孩子们四散回家了。

2.renew vt.重新开始; 继续

例句：The trees renew their foliage every year.

树木每年都重新长出叶子。

3.thwart vt.阻挠; 阻止, 对…构成阻力

例句：The guards thwarted his attempt to escape from prison.

警卫阻扰了他越狱的企图。

4.dictate vt.指示; 指定; 指令

例句：We're now in a position to dictate our own demands.

现在, 我们有资格提出我们的要求。

5.dismissive adj.轻视的, 轻蔑的, 鄙视的

例句：She might have been less dismissive of my talents if he could have seen my latest achievements.

如果她看到我最近的成就, 她也许就不会那么小看我的才干了。

6.vicious adj.残酷的, 狠毒的

例句：He gave the dog a vicious blow with his stick.

他朝着那只狗狠狠地打了一棍子。

7.mediation n.调停,调解,仲裁

1.Thousands of demonstrators took part in the protests, which were in part held to show solidarity with recent demonstrations in Tunisia and Egypt.

in part在某种程度上, 部分地

例句：Tom was only in small part responsible.

汤姆只有一小部分责任。

2.Dozens of opposition supporters have been arrested, and electricity and mobile phone services have been cut off in central Tehran.

cut off切〔隔〕断, 阻碍

例句：Our troops cut off the enemy's retreat.

我们的军队切断了敌人的退路。

3.In another televised address, the interim ruling military council appealed to all Egyptians to go back to work and warned that strikes and industrial disputes would damage the country.

appeal to向…呼吁; 向…请求;恳求

例句：By appealing to his better nature, we persuaded him to change his mind.

我们唤醒了他的良知, 劝他改变了主意。

He earnestly appealed to his friends for support.

他恳切地向朋友请求支持。

4.Chevron said it intended to appeal.

intend to打算(做)..., 想要(做)...

例句：I intend to go to the mountains.

我打算去山区。

5.President Obama has laid out his annual budget, saying he's making tough choices to tackle the country's spiralling budget deficit, but there's already been a dismissive response from the Republicans.

lay out陈设; 展开

例句：She laid out all her new clothes on the bed.

她把她所有的新衣服都摊开在床上。

The goods for sale were attractively laid out.

供出售的商品都陈列了出来, 极引人注目。

6.A commentary in Burma's state media said on Sunday that Aung San Suu Kyi and her party would meet what it called a "tragic end" if they stuck to policies including support for Western sanctions.

stick to遵守, 坚持

例句：You must stick to your promise.

你必须遵守诺言。

Stick to the task until it is finished.

坚持下去, 直到完成任务。

1.and it's those Republicans, who now control the House of Representatives and hold the real power when it comes to spending.

when it comes to当提到……；当谈到……

When it comes to German, I know nothing.

谈到德语,我一窍不通。

it强调句型

it强调句型的构成：

It be 被强调部分 that(强调部分指人做主语时时用who，指人做宾语时用whom) 句子的其他部分。

例如：

Mary met an old beggar in the street yesterday.

It was Mary who/that met an old beggar in the street yesterday.

(强调主语)

It was an old beggar whom/that Mary met in the street yesterday.(强调宾语)

It was yesterday that Mary met an old beggar in the street.(强调时间状语)

It was in the street that Mary met an old beggar yesterday.(强调地点状语)

注意：it强调句型不能强调句子的谓语。