BBC新闻讲解附字幕:国际石油价格大幅上涨

BBC News with David Austin

The Libyan leader Colonel Gaddafi is battling to keep control of western Libya including the capital Tripoli. Residents have said they are too frightened toventureoutin caseColonel Gaddafi's forces shoot themon sight. The International Federation for Human Rights says at least 700 people have died in Libya since the start of the uprising. In the east, the opposition hasconsolidated its hold and controls the main city Benghazi. A warplane was reported to have crashed near the city after the crewbailed out. They said they'd been ordered to bomb Benghazi but refused. Details have also emerged of how unarmed Libyans took on and defeated special forces at an eastern airbase. Jon Leyne has visited the scene and told us what happened.

After the protests started and the government lost control of a lot of area, they tried to bring inreinforcements, special forces, elite forces and also what are described as these foreign mercenaries, mostly from other parts of Africa. Now when local people heard about that, they called on people around the airbase to try and prevent this because people wereliterallybeing flown into the airbase then bussed down to these towns to attack the protesters. And local people, local young people, initially completely unarmed except sticks and stones, went and surrounded that airbase and took on those special forces, and then eventually got some kind of weapons from army bases and looted army bases, and they took on those special forces and they have defeated them.

The American Secretary of State Hillary Clinton has said that those responsible for the violence against civilians in Libya must be held to account. Speaking in Washington, she said the United States would look at all possible options to end the violence.

"We are joining with the rest of the world in sending a clear message to the Libyan government that violence is unacceptable and that the Libyan government will beheld accountable. Now the way that we willproceedin the Security Council and in the Human Rights Council is tocome up withthe best approaches that we think will help the people of Libya."

Earlier, Washington said it was considering an assets freeze on Libya.In Brussels, European Union ambassadors said the EU was ready to impose further measures against Libya if necessary. And the Italian Foreign Minister Franco Frattini has warned that up to 300,000 Libyans could try to enter Europe.

A massive evacuation operation is in full swing as countries around the world try to rescue tens of thousands of their nationals caught up in the chaosengulfing Libya. The United States, China and many European countries have sent in planes, ships and ferries to help their citizens escape the increasingly unstable situation. Turkey has already evacuated 5,000 of its citizens.

The price of oil has jumped sharply in reaction to the continuing crisis in Libya. In New York, it passed $100 a barrel for the first time since 2008. Brent crude reached $110 a barrel.

This is the World News from the BBC in London.

A former Serbian police chief has been jailed for 27 years for his role in the murder of more than 700 ethnic Albanians in Serbia's province of Kosovo in 1999. Vlastimir Djordjevic was convicted by the international tribunal in The Hague on four counts of crimes against humanity. Mark Lowen reports.

The court found that Mr Djordjevic as Serbian deputy interior minister and chief of the public security department during the war played a crucial role in what's called a joint criminal enterprise. That is a common plan to kill over 700 ethnic Albanians from Kosovo and drive hundreds of thousands from their homes in order, as the court put it, to alter the ethnic balance in Kosovo. The judge concluded that police officers under the defendants' control committed the crimes, and that Mr Djordjevic himself tried toconcealthe bodies of those killed by ordering their transfer to sites in Serbia, where they were buried in mass graves.

A senior United Nations official for Afghanistan says the security situation there is worse now than at any time since the overthrow of the Taliban 10 years ago. The UN humanitarian coordinator for Afghanistan Robert Watkins said that aid agencies now had regular access to just 30% of the country, and the Nato troops surge appeared not to have improved things.

"While Nato isclaiming that it hasturned the cornerthat it has taken the offensive and that the insurgency is now on the defensive, we still see these very difficult security problems, and there have been also an unprecedented number of attacks against humanitarian workers."

The New Zealand Prime Minister John Key has said it's unlikely that many more survivors will be found in the city of Christchurch, hit by an earthquake on Tuesday. Mr Key said he hadn't given up hope of finding people but that the authorities had to berealistic. At least 70 people have been killed, but up to 300 others are missing.

That's the BBC News.

利比亚领袖卡扎菲上校仍然努力希望控制利比亚西部地区，包括首都的黎波里在内。居民们表示，他们非常害怕，不敢外出，以防卡扎菲的军队一见到他们立即开枪。国际人权联合会(The International Federation for Human Rights)表示，自起义开始以来，利比亚已有至少700人遇难。在东部，反对派巩固了对主要城市班加西的控制。据报道，一架战斗机在机组人员跳伞之后在班加西附近坠毁。他们说，他们接到命令对班加西进行轰炸，但是他们拒绝了该要求。关于手无寸铁的利比亚人怎样在东部一个空军基地奋起反抗，击败特种兵的情况也逐渐明晰。Jon Leyne对现场进行了采访，现在由他来为我们讲述事态的进展情况。

抗议开始之后，政府失去了对许多地区的控制，他们试图引入援军，特种部队，精英部队以及所谓的外国雇佣兵，其中大部分来自非洲的其他地区。当地居民听说了这个消息之后，呼吁空军基地周围的人们阻止此事的发生，因为这些援军和雇佣兵都是被运往该空军基地，然后分配到其他城镇去镇压抗议者。当地年轻人最初并没有武器，只有石头和砖块，他们包围了该空军基地，袭击特种兵，最后从军事基地获得了一些武器，他们洗劫了军事基地，随后对特种部队进行还击，最终将他们击败。

美国国务卿希拉里·克林顿表示，应该为暴力抵抗平民抗议活动负责的人必须被追求责任。在华盛顿发表讲话时，她表示，美国必须寻找一切可能的方法来终止该暴力活动。

“我们与世界人民一道向利比亚政府发出明确的信息，暴力是不能接受的，利比亚政府必须承担责任。现在，安理会和人权理事会正努力提出可以帮助利比亚人民的最佳方法。”

此前，华盛顿方面表示，他们正在考虑对利比亚实行资产冻结。在布鲁塞尔，欧盟大使表示，欧盟已经做好准备，如果必要的话，将对利比亚采取进一步的措施。意大利外长佛朗哥·弗拉蒂尼(Franco Frattini)警告称，多达300,000名利比亚人将试图进入欧洲。

由于利比亚发生大规模起义，全世界各国全面展开撤离活动，拯救被困在利比亚的数万名公民。美国，中国和许多欧洲国家已经派遣飞机，船只和渡轮，帮助他们的公民逃离越来越不稳定的形势。土耳其已经撤离了5,000名公民。

由于利比亚危机形势越来越紧张，石油价格大幅上涨。在纽约，石油价格自2008年以来首次超过100美元一桶。布伦特原油的价格则达到每桶110美元。

这里是在伦敦为您报道的BBC世界新闻。

1999年，在科索沃的塞尔维亚省，700多名阿尔巴尼亚族人被谋杀，一名前塞尔维亚警察局长因在此事中发挥的作用被判处27年的监禁。海牙国际刑事法庭判决Vlastimir Djordjevic犯有违反人权的四宗罪刑。Mark Lowen报道。

法庭发现，Djordjevic曾担任塞尔维亚内政部副部长和公共安全部长，在塞尔维亚战争期间，他在所谓的联合犯罪行动中发挥了非常关键的作用。法庭表示，他们计划杀死来自科索沃的700多名阿尔巴尼亚族人，并将成千上万人赶走，以改变科索沃的种族平衡。法官得出结论，受被告控制的警官犯下这些罪行，Djordjevic命令下属将尸体转移到塞尔维亚，埋葬在集体墓地中，试图将这些尸体隐藏。

联合国驻阿富汗一名高级官员表示，阿富汗的安全状况达到自10年前塔利班政府被推翻以来最糟糕的状况。联合国驻阿富汗人道主义协调员沃特金斯(Robert Watkins)表示，目前救助机构只能到达全国30%的地区，北约军队的增加似乎并没有使形势好转。

“尽管北约宣称形势已经好转，他们已经发动进攻，反叛分子只能苦苦防御，我们却仍然看到这些非常困难的安全问题，人道主义工作人员遭遇的袭击频率也达到前所未有的程度。”

新西兰总理约翰·基(John Key)表示，周二遭遇强震袭击的克莱斯特彻奇不可能再发现更多幸存者。约翰·基表示，他并没有放弃找到更多人的希望，但是当局必须采取现实的态度。至少70人在地震中遇难，但是仍有300人失踪。

1.venture vt.vi.敢于, 冒险

例句：Nothing venture, nothing have.

不入虎穴, 焉得虎子。

I won't venture a step farther.

我不敢再往前走一步。

venture，chance，dare，hazard，riskventure指冒风险试一试，或指有礼貌的反抗或反对。

这些动词均含有“敢于冒险”之意。

chance指碰运气、冒风险试试。

dare可与venture换用，但语气较强，着重挑战或违抗。

hazard主要指冒险作出某个选择，隐含碰运气意味。

risk指不顾个人安危去干某事，侧重主动承担风险。

2.consolidate vi.(使)巩固; (使)加强

例句：We've made a good start, now it's time to consolidate.

我们有了一个良好的开端, 现在应该加以巩固。

3.reinforcement n.援军;增援警力

例句：Our troops consolidated our position with reinforcements.

增援部队的到来巩固了我军的阵地。

4.literally adv.确实地, 真正地

例句：She was literally blue with cold.

她真的冷得全身青紫。

5.proceed v.进行; 继续下去

例句：They will proceed to build another laboratory building.

他们将着手建造另一座实验大楼。

advance，progress，proceed，move on，goadvance主要用于具体的人或物，也可指科学技术和运动等。

这些动词均含“前进，行进，进展”之意。

progress指按某一既定目标前进，取得发展，目的性很明确，强调经常和稳定地前进。

proceed侧重指继续前进。

move on非正式用语，侧重从某一停止点向某地前进，但不表示前进的目的地。

go最常用词，含义宽泛而不确切，依上文确定其具体意思。

6.engulf vt.吞没, 包住

例句：The little boat was engulfed by the waves.

小船被波浪吞没了。

7.conceal vt.隐藏; 隐瞒, 遮住

conceal，hide，screen

这些动词均含“隐藏，隐蔽”之意。

conceal正式用词，多强调有目的、有意识，巧妙地进行隐藏或隐瞒。

hide普通用词，既可指有意地隐藏，又可指无意或偶然地藏匿。

screen指把处于被发现的人或物掩盖起来，使其不被发现。

8.claim vt.声称, 断言

例句：They claim to have discovered a cure for the disease.

他们声称已经发现了治疗此病的一种药物。

9.realistic adj.现实的, 实际可行的; 现实主义的

例句：She is a realistic woman.

她是位很实际的女人。

1.Residents have said they are too frightened to venture out in case Colonel Gaddafi's forces shoot them on sight.

in case免得, 以防

例句：Be quiet in case you wake the baby.

轻点儿, 别吵醒婴儿。

on sight一看到…就

例句：They were told to shoot enemies on sight.

他们奉令一见到敌人立即射击。

2.A warplane was reported to have crashed near the city after the crew bailed out.

bail out从机上跳伞

例句：The pilot bail out of the airplane before it explode.

飞机爆炸前驾驶员跳伞了。

3.We are joining with the rest of the world in sending a clear message to the Libyan government that violence is unacceptable and that the Libyan government will be held accountable.

hold accountable对…负责任

例句：The group leader will hold accountable for the action of the group.

小组长要对小组的行为负责。

4.Now the way that we will proceed in the Security Council and in the Human Rights Council is to come up with the best approaches that we think will help the people of Libya.

come up with想出, 提出

例句：I hope you can come up with a better plan than this.

我希望你们能提出一个比这个更好的计划。

5.While Nato is claiming that it has turned the corner that it has taken the offensive and that the insurgency is now on the defensive...

turn the corner转危为安,渡过难关

1.Earlier, Washington said it was considering an assets freeze on Libya. In Brussels, European Union ambassadors said the EU was ready to impose further measures against Libya if necessary.

if necessary省略

类型一：if 形容词

这类结构通常可视为在if与形容词之间省略了“主语 动词be的适当形式”。如：

Send the goods now if ready.= Send the goods now if they are ready. 货物如已备好.请即送来。

If true, this will cause us a lot of trouble.= If it is true, this will cause us a lot of trouble. 这事若是事实，它将给我们造成许多麻烦。

注：这类省略结构中有的已构成相对固定的搭配，if necessary (如果需要)，if possible (如果可能)等。如：

If necessary, ring me at home. 如果必要，可往我家里打电话。

If possible, let me know beforehand. 如果可能，可在事前通知我。

类型二：if 过去分词

其中的过去分词可视为是被省略的被动结构，即在if与形容词之间省略了主语和助动词be。如：

He will come if asked.= He will come if he is asked. 他如被邀就会来。

The medicine is quite effective if taken in time.=The medicine is quite effective if it is taken in time. 这药要是能按时服用，效果是很好的。

类型三：if 不定代词

这类省略通常要根据具体的上下文来理解。如：

If anyone, he knows. 如果有人知道，那就是他了。

There are few people nowadays, if any, who remember him. 当今记得他的人，如有的话，也不多了。

He seems to have little, if anything, to do with this. 若要说他和这事有什么相关的话，那也似乎是很少的。

类型四：if 介词短语

这类结构往往要根据具体的语境来理解，但有些经常搭配的惯用结构也值得注意，如if in doubt, if at all, if by any chance等。如：

If in doubt, ask your doctor. He can give you further information. 你若有疑问，可以问问医生. 他会向你作进一步的说明。

Their policies have changed little, if at all, since the last election. 自上次选举以来，他们的政策就算是有所变化，也变得很少。

If by any chance you can’t manage dinner tonight, perhaps we can at least have a drink together. 就算你今晚不吃晚饭，也许我们至少可以一起喝一杯。

类型五：if ever

if ever 可视为习语，它通常与seldom连用，表示“极少”“难得”。如：

She seldom, if ever, goes to the cinema. 她难得看电影。

He seldom if ever travels abroad. 他到国外旅行，即使有过，也是极少的。

注：有时ever后面还修饰有其他词语。如：

The island is seldom if ever visited by ships. 这个岛难得有船停靠。

另外，它有时还可引出一个句子。如：

If ever you’re in Cambridge, do give me a ring. 万一你来剑桥，一定要给我打电话。

类型六：if not

if not 可视为一个否定的条件状语从句省略。如：

I might see you tomorrow. If not, then it’ll be Saturday. 我可能明天去看你。如果不是明天，那就在周六。

Ask her if it is a convenient time. If not, can she suggest another possible time? 问问她那个时间方便不方便。要是不方便，那她可不可以提出一个可行的时间­?

注：有时not还可修饰另一个词语。如：

If not today, tomorrow I’m sure you’ll get an answer. 如果今天得不到回信，明天准能得到。

This is one of the oldest buildings in town, if not the oldest. 这是城里最古老的房屋之一，如果不是最古老的话。

Usually, if not always, we write “cannot” as one word. 我们即使不总是如此，也通常是把cannot作为一个词来拼写的。

类型七：if so

if so的意思是“如果是那样的话”。如：

I may be free this evening. If so, I’ll come round and see you. 今晚我可能有空。要是有空我会过来看你。

They must decide if such a plan can be implemented and if so, when. 他必须决定这样的计划是否能实施，而且要是能实施的话，又得决定何时实施。

注意以下if so与if not连用的情形：

He may be busy. If so, I’ll call later. If not, can I see him now? 他可能忙，如是这样，我以后再来拜访。他如不忙，我现在可以见他吗?

Will you be staying another night? If so, we can give you a better room. If not, could you be out of your room by 12:00? 您要再往一晚吗? 如果是这样，我们可以给您提供条件更好一点的房间。如果不是，您能在12点前离开这房间吗?

类型八：if need be 如果需要

if need be为习语，其含义相当于if it is necessary (如果有必要的话)。如：

I will come if need be. 如有必要我会来。

I’ll work at night if need be. 如果有必要我可以晚上工作。

If need be we can always bring another car. 如果有必要的话我们还可以再开一辆车来。