BBC新闻讲解附字幕:突尼斯民众袭击警察局

BBC News with David Austin

In the last few minutes, the American State Department has issued a statement,distancing itself fromcomments made by its special envoy to Egypt about President Hosni Mubarak. The envoy, Frank Wisner, told an international security conference in Germany that Mr Mubarak was needed tooverseea transition to democracy.

"The president must stay in office in order tosteer those changes through. I therefore believe that President Mubarak's continued leadership is critical. It's his opportunity to write his ownlegacy. He's given 60 years of his life to the service of his country. This is an ideal moment for him to show the way forward."

But the State Department spokesman PJ Crowley said Mr Wisner's views were his own and had not beencoordinated with the US government. Earlier, the top leaders of Egypt's governing National Democratic Party resigned, an apparent response to the ongoing anti-government protests. Among those who've stepped down is the president's son. The news comes as crowds of demonstrators have spent their 12th day in central Cairo demanding Mr Mubarak's immediate removal from power. Jon Leyne reports.

Faced with continuing pressure from the demonstrators, President Mubarak met with his new cabinet for the first time. Shortly afterwards, a series of major changes in the ruling party, the NDP, were announced. They included thedepartureof the president's son Gamal from his key role in the party, for years, a power base somewhat was thought to be his attempt to succeed his father as president. Along with Gamal Mubarak, the entire leadership of the party resigned, though some were re-appointed. A leading liberal in the party becomes general secretary. The aim appears to be to put a softer face on the Egyptian government.

Police in Tunisia have shot dead two people who were among a crowd which attacked a police station in the northern town of Kef. The interior ministry said they'd been demonstrating against a local police commander, accusing him of an abuse of power. In another development, the nationwide night-time curfew imposed during anti-government protests last month has beenshortened by two hours.

A nuclear arms reduction treaty that's been acornerstoneof President Obama's attempts to rebuild US relations with Russia hascome into effect. The US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton and the Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov exchanged papersratifying the Start treaty during the international security conference in the German city of Munich. Sam Wilson reports.

Hillary Clinton and Sergei Lavrov grinned broadly as they exchanged the ratification documents signed by the presidents of Russia and the United States. The agreement limits the number of strategic warheads each side can possess to just over 1,500, down from 2,200.It also updates a verification mechanism, but its greatest significance may be in cementing the improvement in relations between the United States and Russia.

World News from the BBC

Three Pakistani cricketers at the centre of a corruption scandal have been banned from playing by the International Cricket Council. The former Pakistani captain Salman Butt was banned for 10 years with five years suspended. The bowler Mohammad Asif was banned for seven years with two suspended while Mohammad Amir was banned for five years. On Friday, British prosecutors said the three would face criminal charges over allegations theyconspired to fix elements of a match against England last August. All three have protested their innocence.

Anti-government protesters in Serbia have held their biggest rally in years. Tens of thousands gathered in front of the Serbian parliament in the capital Belgrade, demanding higher wages and early elections. The organisers, the nationalist opposition Serbian Progressive Party, have said they'llstep upprotests if elections are not called within two months.

The Iraqi Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki says he will not seek a third term in office when his current term ends in 2014. Mr al-Maliki began his second term in December when he formed a new government after nine months of politicalstalemate. From Baghdad, Jonathan Head.

The new government here is not immune to the revolutionary winds blowing from Egypt. The Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki offered to halve his salary just weeks into his second term. He's been accused of trying to grab more power and of tolerating routine abuses by the security forces. His greatest challenge, though, is making his cabinet of 42 ministers effective enough to meet the needs of a populationexhausted by years of political violence.

Thousands of supporters of Laurent Gbagbo, who refuses to step down as president of Ivory Coast, have staged a rally in the main city Abidjan. They are protesting against the leader of Burkina Faso, Blaise Compaore, who's trying to mediate in the crisis. Mr Gbagbo's opponent Alassane Ouattara is internationally recognised as the winner of November's election.

BBC News

过去几分钟，美国国务院发表了一份声明，与驻埃及特使关于穆巴拉克总统的言论划清界限。特使弗兰克·维斯奈(Frank Wisner)在德国国际安全会议上声称，埃及需要穆巴拉克来监督向民主制度的转变。

“为了引导民主制度的实施，穆巴拉克总统必须继续执政。因此，我相信，穆巴拉克总统的领导是非常关键的。他可以利用这次机会来发展自己的事业。他已经为他的祖国奉献了60年。这是他领导埃及向前发展的理想时刻。”

但是国务院发言人菲利普·克劳利(PJ Crowley)表示，维斯奈的讲话仅代表他个人的观点，而与美国政府的立场并不一致。此前，埃及执政党国家民主党(National Democratic Party)辞职，这显然是对持续的反政府抗议活动作出的回应。辞职的人包括总统的儿子。示威者在开罗中心进行了第十二天的抗议活动，要求穆巴拉克立即退位的时候传出了该消息。Jon Leyne报道。

面对来自示威者的持续压力，穆巴拉克总统首次与新内阁召开会议。随后不久即宣布了执政党国家民主党的一系列重大变化。包括总统的儿子加玛尔被免除已经担任了几年的党内关键职务。他的权力被视为试图继承父亲担任埃及总统的征兆。此外，整个党派辞去了领导职位，尽管其中一些人被再次任命。国家民主党一名为首的自由派人士成为秘书长，目的是为埃及政府注入更加温和的面孔。

突尼斯民众袭击了北部科夫市一个警察局，警方击毙了两人。内政部长表示，民众示威是为了反对当地一名警察局长，指控他滥用职权。在另外一起事件中，上月反政府抗议活动期间施行的夜间宵禁缩短了两个小时。

新的核武器削减条约正式生效，该条约是奥巴马总统试图重建美国与俄罗斯之间关系的努力的基石。在德国慕尼黑的国际安全会议上，美国国务卿希拉里·克林顿和俄罗斯外长拉夫罗夫交换了文件，对核武器削减条约进行确认。Sam Wilson报道。

希拉里·克林顿与拉夫罗夫交换由美俄总统签署的确认文件时脸上洋溢着微笑。该条约将双方所持有的核武器数量从2,200降低到1,500。同时，该条约还更新了查证制度，但是其最大的意义应该是修补了美国和俄罗斯之间的关系。

BBC世界新闻。

卷入腐败丑闻的三名巴基斯坦板球队员被禁止参加国际板球理事会的比赛。前巴基斯坦队长Salman Butt被禁赛十年的时间，缓期五年执行。投球手Mohammad Asif被禁赛七年的时间，缓期两年执行。Mohammad Amir被禁赛五年的时间。周五，英国检控官表示，这三人在去年八月份对抗英格兰的比赛中试图操纵比赛，将面临刑事指控。三人均表示自己是无辜的。

塞尔维亚反政府抗议者发动了几年来最大规模的游行。数万人聚集在首都贝尔格莱德议会大楼前，要求提高薪资，提前举行选举。游行的组织者，民族主义者反对派塞尔维亚进步党已经表示，如果两个月之内不进行选举，他们将加大抗议活动力度。

伊拉克总理马利基(Nouri al-Maliki)表示，本届任期在2014年结束之后，他不会再寻求第三任期。经过九个月的政治僵局之后，12月份，马利基组建了新的政府，开始了第二任期。Jonathan Head在巴格达报道。

新政府未能避免从埃及出来的革命之风。总理马利基第二任期开始几周之后提出将自己的薪资减半。他被指控试图掌握更多权利，而且容忍安全力量长期以来的滥用职权。然而，他最大的挑战是使得内阁42名成员有效的工作，满足多年来被政治暴力蹂躏的身心疲惫的民众的要求。

拒绝让出科特迪瓦总统职位的巴博(Laurent Gbagbo)的数千名支持者在主要城市阿比让举行了游行活动，抗议试图调停这场危机的布基纳法索总统布莱斯·孔波雷(Blaise Compaore)。巴博的对手瓦塔拉被国际社会认可为11月份选举的获胜者。

1.oversee vt.监督, 监视

例句：She oversees both the research and the manufacturing departments.

她既监督研究部门又监督生产部门。

2.legacy n.祖先传下来之物,遗赠物

3.coordinate vt.使协调; 使调和

例句：Maybe we can coordinate the relation of them.

或许我们可以调和他们之间的关系。

4.departure n.离开,出发

例句：The bad weather accelerated our departure.

天气不好促使我们提前启程。

5.shorten vt.vi.弄短, 缩短

例句：The days shorten in winter.

冬季日短。

She shortened the skirt by an inch.

她把裙子缩短了一英寸。

6.cornerstone n.基础

例句：Wage control is the cornerstone of the government’s economic policy.

控制工资是政府经济政策的基础。

7.ratify vt.正式批准, 使正式生效，签认(合约等)

例句：The heads of the two government ratified the treaty.

两国政府首脑签署了条约。

8.conspire vi.密谋, 搞阴谋

例句：The criminals conspired to rob a bank.

罪犯们密谋抢劫银行。

9.stalemate n.(争执的)僵持,僵局

例句：a stalemate between management and unions

资方与工会间的僵持

10.exhaust v.使非常疲倦; 使筋疲力尽; 使疲惫不堪

例句：The climb will exhaust the boys.

爬山会使那些男孩们疲惫不堪的。

1.In the last few minutes, the American State Department has issued a statement, distancing itself from comments made by its special envoy to Egypt about President Hosni Mubarak.

distance from疏远别人

2.The president must stay in office in order to steer those changes through.

steer through指导(某人)通过〔渡过〕

例句：Don't worry about the difficulties of selling the house; our lawyer will steer you through.

不用担心卖房的困难, 咱们的律师会帮你办好的。

3.A nuclear arms reduction treaty that's been a cornerstone of President Obama's attempts to rebuild US relations with Russia has come into effect.

come into effect(文件、合同）生效

例句：The contract will come into effect upon signature.

此合同将在签字后生效。

4.The organisers, the nationalist opposition Serbian Progressive Party, have said they'll step up protests if elections are not called within two months.

step up(使)增加, (使)加快速度

例句：The girl stepped up to school.

女孩子加快步伐去上学。

He has stepped up into the management of the firm.

他已升入公司的管理部门。

1.It also updates a verification mechanism, but its greatest significance may be in cementing the improvement in relations between the United States and Russia.

情态动词表示猜测

在英语的情态动词中，只有can(及其否定形式 can't),could(及其形式couldn't),may,might,must可用来表示猜测。下面是这些表示猜测的情态动词的用法及举例：

（一）can用来表示"可能"的猜测

1.can可用来表示"理论上的可能性"，用来表示事件或情况在理论上可能发生，并不牵涉到是否真的会发生。在这种用法中can只能与动词原形连用。

2.can可用来表示现实的可能性，但只能用在疑问句之中，可与动词原形或不定式的完成式连用。

2.1.Who can that be at the door?（门外会是谁？）

2.2.Can it be Susan?（她会上哪儿去了呢？）

（二）can't和couldn't表示"不可能"的猜测，在这种用法中can't和couldn't用法相同，只是couldn't的语气更弱。下面以can't为例：

1.对现在存在的状态的"不可能"的猜测：

1.1.It can't be true.（这不可能是真的。）

1.2.He can't be Mike's father.（他不可能是迈克的爸爸。）

1.3.She can't be more than thirty.（她不可能超过三十岁。）

2.对正在发生的动作或行为的"不可能"的猜测：（can't be 动词的现在分词）

2.1.He can't be watching TV at home.I met him at school a moment ago.（他不可能在家看电视，我刚在学校见过他。）

2.2.He can't be sleeping in his bedroom.I saw him go out.（他不可能在卧室睡觉，我看见

他出去了。）

3.对过去的动作或行为的"不可能"的猜测：（can't have 动词过去分词）

3.1.She can't have gone to school.It is Saturday.（她不可能上学去了，今天是星期六。）

3.2.They can't have gone out because the light is on.（他们不可能已经出去了，因为灯还开着。）

（三）may和might常用来谈论可能性：某事可能将发生，某事可能正在发生和某事已经发生。might所表示的可能性要比may所表示的可能性弱一些，但用法相同，下面以may的用法举例：

1.may用来表示某事可能将发生：（may 动词原形）

1.1.He may go climbing in the Alps next summer.（明年夏天他可能去阿尔卑斯山。）

1.2.They may come to visit us this summer.（他们可能今年夏天来看望我们。）

2.may用来表示对现在存在的状态可能性的猜测：（may be 其他成分）

2.1.He may be engaged.（他可能很忙。）

2.2.It may be a new species.（这可能是个新的品种。）

2.3.I'm only afraid I may be bored.（我只害怕我可能会觉得无聊。）

3.may用来表示某事可能正在发生：（may be 动词的现在分词）

3.1.They may be sleeping because we can hear no sound in their room.（他们可能正在房间里睡觉，国为我们听到任何声音。）

3.2.He may be doing his homework.Don't disturb him.（他可能正在做作业，别打扰他。）

4.may用来表示某事已经发生：（may have 动词的过去分词）

4.1.You may have read some account of the matter.（关于这件事你可能已经听过一些描述

了。）

4.2.Mathews may have written that letter.（马修斯可能已写了那封信。）

注：may和might表示"可能"时一般不用于疑问句。表达疑问时要用别的说法。例如：

Is it likely to rain,do you think?（错误的句子是：May it rain?）

表示否定时要用can't或couldn't("不可能"）。

（四）must用来表示"肯定"的猜测：

1.must用来表示对现在的动作或状态的"肯定"的猜测：

1.1.Judging by the smell,the food must be good.（从气味来判断，这食物肯定很好吃。）

1.2.It's a quarter past three.He must be in by now.（现在已是三点一刻了，他肯定已到家

了。）

1.3.I'm always running into him,he must live neat here.（我总是遇见他，他肯定就住在附

近。）

1.4.Mary must have some problem.She keeps crying.（玛丽肯定有什么问题，她一直在哭。）

2.对正在进行的动作的"肯定"的猜测：

2.1.You must be joking.（你肯定在开玩笑。）

2.2.If she is borrowing money,she must be getting into debt.（如果她在借钱，她肯定陷入

债务当中了。）

2.3.His progress indicates that he must be working hard.（他的进步表明他正在努力。）

3.对过去动作的"肯定"的猜测：

3.1.He must have arrived by air.（他肯定已乘机到达了。）

3.2.He must have received my letter.（他肯定已收到我的信了。）

3.3.His watch must have stopped.I'll go and call him.（他的表肯定已停了，我去叫他。）